NURS 6501 Case Study Analysis Advanced Pathophysiology Essay
NURS 6501 Case Study Analysis Advanced Pathophysiology Essay
NURS 6501 Case Study Analysis Advanced Pathophysiology Sample Essay
The case study depicts a 55-year-old male with complaints of worsening cough, chest tightness, profuse sweating, lightheadedness, and breathing difficulty. On arrival to the ER, findings include ST segment elevation in the anterior, shallow pulse, respirations of 10 breaths/min, troponin-13ng/l, and CK-265 U/L. The purpose of this paper will be to address cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiological processes responsible for the patient’s symptoms.
ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE ON; NURS 6501 Case Study Analysis Advanced Pathophysiology Essay
Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiologic Process Resulting in Presenting Symptoms
Struggling to meet your deadline ?
Get assistance on
NURS 6501 Case Study Analysis Advanced Pathophysiology Essay
done on time by medical experts. Don’t wait – ORDER NOW!
The patient’s symptoms can be attributed to myocardial infarction (MI). MI occurs due to abrupt and severe oxygen deprivation in the myocardial tissue. The cardiovascular pathophysiologic process causing the symptoms is reduced blood flow in the coronary artery due to the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent occlusion of the artery by a thrombus (Saleh & Ambrose, 2018). Infarction develops over minutes to hours when blood flow is abruptly decreased by 80-90%.
The cardiopulmonary processes causing the symptoms occur when the cells are deprived of oxygen. Ischemia develops, cellular injury occurs, and the lack of oxygen results in infarction, or the death of cells, leading to permanent loss of myocardial contractility in the affected area (Smit et al., 2020). Necrosis of myocardial tissue contributes to the patient’s chest pain, breathing difficulty, diaphoresis, lightheadedness, and shallow pulse. The disruption of cell membranes because of hypoxia led to the release of creatinine kinase (CK) and troponin (regulates myocardial contractility process) into the systemic circulation resulting in elevated CK and troponin levels (Smit et al., 2020). The patient has an ST-segment elevation on ECG, which has a specificity of 90% and a sensitivity of 45% for diagnosing MI.
Racial/Ethnic Variables Impacting Physiological Functioning
Racial/ethnic differences have been established in the prevalence of MI. African Americans have a higher rate of MI than whites in the US. Hackler et al. (2019) explain that the factors causing these racial differences include a high burden of risk factors among AAs, like a high prevalence and worse control of hypertension and high rates of smoking and diabetes mellitus. Among AA women, high rates of obesity contribute to MI. Furthermore, a relationship exists between socioeconomic status, risk factors, risk factor control, and racial disparities in MI.
Processes that Interact to Affect the Patient
The pathophysiological processes interact to cause distressing symptoms in the patient. One of the most distressing symptoms is chest pain. The chest pain in MI is severe, diffuse steady substernal pain of a crushing and squeezing nature. It is not alleviated by rest or sublingual vasodilator therapy and may radiate to the arms, shoulders, neck, back, or jaw. Besides, it persists for more than 15 minutes and usually produces anxiety and fear, increasing heart rate, BP, and respiratory rate (Hegazy et al., 2022). Besides, the processes can contribute to complications like myocardial dysfunction, cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac rupture.
Conclusion
The patient developed myocardial necrosis caused by acute coronary artery obstruction, which led to chest discomfort, dyspnea, diaphoresis, lightheadedness, and elevated cardiac markers. AAs have a high prevalence of MI due to their lifestyle practices. The Pathophysiological processes of MI contribute to distressing symptoms like severe chest pain, which affect the patient.
References
Hackler, E., Lew, J., Gore, M. O., Ayers, C. R., Atzler, D., Khera, A., … & De Lemos, J. A. (2019). Racial differences in cardiovascular biomarkers in the general population. Journal of the American Heart Association, 8(18), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.012729
Hegazy, M. A., Mansour, K. S., Alzyat, A. M., Mohammad, M. A., & Hegazy, A. A. (2022). Myocardial Infarction: Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Classification, Assessment, and Management. Cardiology Research and Reports, 4(5). https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9759/056
Saleh, M., & Ambrose, J. A. (2018). Understanding myocardial infarction. F1000Research, 7, F1000 Faculty Rev-1378. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15096.1
Smit, M., Coetzee, A. R., & Lochner, A. (2020). The pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia and perioperative myocardial infarction. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 34(9), 2501-2512. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2019.10.005
BUY A CUSTOM-PAPER HERE ON; NURS 6501 Case Study Analysis Advanced Pathophysiology Essay
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
An understanding of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the fact that these two systems work so closely together. A variety of factors and circumstances that impact the emergence and severity of issues in one system can have a role in the performance of the other.
Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their capacity to work together. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact.
An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.
In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
LEARNING RESOURCES
Required Readings
- McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
- Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems; Summary Review
- Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function (stop at Dysrhythmias); Summary Review
- Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System; Summary Review
- Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function (stop at Disorders of the chest wall and pleura); (obstructive pulmonary diseases) (stop at Pulmonary artery hypertension); Summary Review
Note: The above chapters were first presented in the Week 3 resources. If you read them previously you are encouraged to review them this week.
Required Media
- Alterations in the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems – Week 4 (15m)
Online Media from Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
In addition to this week’s media, it is highly recommended that you access and view the resources included with the course text, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Focus on the videos and animations in Chapters 32, 33, 35, and 36 that relate to cardiorespiratory systems and alteration in cardiorespiratory systems. Refer to the Learning Resources in Week 1 for registration instructions. If you have already registered, you may access the resources at https://evolve.elsevier.com/Links to an external site.
To prepare:
By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
The Assignment
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following
- The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.
- Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
- How these processes interact to affect the patient.
BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 4
Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 4
Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templatesLinks to an external site.). All papers submitted must use this formatting.
SUBMISSION INFORMATION
Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area.
- To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as MD2Assgn_LastName_Firstinitial
- Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.
- Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.
ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE ON; NURS 6501 Case Study Analysis Advanced Pathophysiology Essay
Rubric
NURS_6501_Module2_Case Study_Assignment_Rubric
| Criteria | Ratings | Pts | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeDevelop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examing the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:Explain both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes of why the patient presents these symptoms. |
|
30 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeExplain how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. |
|
30 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeExplain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning. |
|
25 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria. |
|
5 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation |
|
5 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. |
|
5 pts | ||||
| Total Points: 100 | ||||||
Struggling to meet your deadline ?
Get assistance on
NURS 6501 Case Study Analysis Advanced Pathophysiology Essay
done on time by medical experts. Don’t wait – ORDER NOW!