NHSFP4000 Capella University Applying Ethical Principles Paper

NHSFP4000 Capella University Applying Ethical Principles Paper

NHSFP4000 Capella University Applying Ethical Principles Paper

Applying Ethical Principles

Healthcare professionals always encounter ethical challenges in clinical practice that necessitate them to apply moral principles and values to inform their decisions (Varkey, 2021). There are four primary ethical health principles that clinicians are required to comply with. They include autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. These principles are the pillar of medical practice because they are designed to guide healthcare professionals to make informed, fair, and ethical decisions during challenging patient situations (Varkey, 2021). The purpose of this paper is to develop a solution to an ethical dilemma faced by a healthcare professional in the given case scenario by applying ethical principles.

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Overview of the Case Study

E.L. Straight is the director of clinical services at Hopewell Hospital for the last two years. He has initiated and succeeded in implementing various programs to enhance the quality of healthcare services in the setting leading to improvement in patient healthcare outcomes and satisfaction rates (Capella, 2022). Dr. Cutrite is a brilliant and longest-serving general surgeon in the medical facility. However, his efficiency is currently deteriorating due to a reduction in his mental and physical capabilities. As a result, E.L. Straight has made attempts to cut Dr. Cutrite’s privileges to avert probable problems that might be associated with his inefficiencies in vain. DR. Cutrite continues to perform a full range of procedures (Capella, 2022). One Monday afternoon, the operating room supervisor went to E.L. Straight’s office to report an incident where the plastic needle shield was possibly left in a patient’s stomach after a recent surgery.

E.L. Straight recommended that the patient, Mrs. Jameson, should be brought back immediately for surgery to confirm if the needle shield was left in the stomach and be removed if found. They could tell that they only want to conduct the review after the previous surgery (Capella, 2022). Unfortunately, Mrs. Jameson had already been discharged.  The supervisor also told Straight that Dr. Cutrite warned them against making the patient aware. Dr.  Cutrite believed that the needle shield was not life-threatening and could only cause sporadic discomfort in patients (Capella, 2022). E.L. Straight is left in a dilemma of choosing between ignoring the issue as recommended by Dr. Cutrite and calling the patient back for surgery. Ignoring the issue would leave E.L. Straight troubled about failing to take the right action and the risk of injuries or complications to the patient. Calling the patient back would risk the reputation of the medical facility and the career of Dr. Cutrite. It also opens the prospect of instituting a lawsuit for negligence by the patient.

Analysis of Ethical Issues in the Case Study

The major factor associated with Straight’s ethical dilemma is the decision by Dr. Cutrite to ignore the needle cap in the patient’s stomach. Dr. Cutrite failed to acknowledge his mistake and take responsibility for his action. The issue would have not occurred if Dr. Cutrite did his task properly and taken responsibility for the omission, which is the moral thing to do. The ethical dilemma is also caused by negligence within the surgical team by failing to verify all the boxes before ending the surgical procedure. The medical team also failed to demonstrate accountability by failing to identify discrepancies after counting the surgical pack. On his side, E.L. Straight demonstrated the principle of non-maleficence by suggesting that the patient should be brought back for surgery to remove the needle cap. However, the patient has already been discharged, which thwarted the wish of E.L. Straight. The pressing ethical concept that presents in this context is justice.

Using the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Analyze the Case Study

The ethical-decision making model comprises moral awareness, judgment, and ethical behavior. These components help in understanding ethical issues in nursing practice. Moral awareness characterizes the ability to identify an ethical issue. Moral judgment is the pick between the right and wrong action. Ethical behavior constitutes doing what is right and likely to address the ethical dilemma by integrating moral awareness and moral judgment (Johnstone, 2022). The ethical issue at hand can be analyzed using the ethical-decision model.  E.L. Straight demonstrated moral awareness by identifying the ethical issue and feeling obligated to take immediate action to address it. E.L. Straight’s moral judgment also manifested when he recommended another surgery to remove the needle cap from the patient’s stomach. Suppose E.L. Straight opted to act ethically, he would embark on addressing the issue guided by the four ethical principles and his judgment.

Effectiveness of Communication Approaches in the Case Study

Effective communication between healthcare providers is crucial in addressing ethical dilemmas (Arnold & Boggs, 2019). In the case at hand, the operating room supervisor communicated the issue to Dr. Cutrite and E.L. Straight openly and effectively. E.L. Straight demonstrated active listening skills throughout the conversation. After getting the supervisor’s story, he takes immediate action to save the patient. Here, E.L. Straight responded properly to address the issue professionally. However, E.L. Straight demonstrated poor communication skills by hiding facts and asking Dr. Cutrite hypothetical questions during their conversation. Ensuring open communication with Dr. Cutrite would be an appropriate move in this case because they could collaborate as a team to work in the best interest of the patient. Patients’ safety can be upheld if care providers can collaborate to establish the right course. This can only be facilitated by ensuring effective, open communication. The idea of withholding the information, in this case, was ill-advised because the patient risked potential harm if the needle cap was not removed from the stomach. Ethical conversation between all involved parties was necessary for identifying the solution (Arnold & Boggs, 2019). Obtaining diverse opinions and reasoning was crucial to addressing this ethical issue by enhancing understanding of the issue from a broad perspective and making informed choices.

The Effectiveness of the Approach Used

An effective communication approach is crucial in averting unnecessary tensions and conflicts between healthcare professionals. E.L. Straight was hesitant to take action against Dr. Cutrite because he is politically connected and highly influential in the medical facility. Effective communication is vital in eradicating strain and negativity in the workplace. The essence of effective communication and a non-confrontational approach is the promotion of proper workflow and a safe work environment (Arnold & Boggs, 2019). The fundamental lesson for care providers from the case at hand is the essence of ensuring effective communication when interacting with other clinicians.

Resolving the Ethical Dilemma by Applying Ethical Principles

The ideal solution, in this case, is to notify the patient about what happened and be ready to deal with the consequences. The best action is to take the patient back to surgery to confirm whether or not the needle protector was left in the patient’s stomach and remove it if it was left. This action is crucial in averting the probable discomfort and other possible negative health implications. This solution is informed by major healthcare ethical principles of non-maleficence, beneficence, justice, and autonomy (Ilkafah et al., 2021). This proposed solution advances non-maleficence by seeking no harm to the patient, beneficence by promoting the health of the patient, justice by seeking fair patient treatment, and autonomy by respecting the values of the patient. The confrontation demonstrated by Dr. Cutrite and E.L. Straight can be addressed by effective communication.

Conclusion

The four ethical healthcare principles of healthcare non-maleficence, beneficence, justice, and autonomy are effective in addressing ethical problems in this case. In the case at hand, E.L. Straight must choose between protecting the interest of the patient by calling her back for surgery and overlooking the issue. The application of the four ethical principles can guide E.L. Straight to create a solution to the ethical issue presented in this case.

References

Arnold, E. C., & Boggs, K. U. (2019). Interpersonal relationships e-book: professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Capella. (2022). Ethical Case Studies. Retrieved from https://media.capella.edu/CourseMedia/nhs4000element18655/wrapper.asp

Ilkafah, I., Mei Tyas, A. P., & Haryanto, J. (2021). Factors related to the implementation of nursing care ethical principles in Indonesia. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2), jphr-2021. Doi: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2211.

Johnstone, M. J. (2022). Bioethics: a nursing perspective. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Varkey, B. (2021). Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Medical Principles and Practice, 30(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509119

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Develop a solution to a specific ethical dilemma faced by a health care professional by applying ethical principles. Describe the issues and a possible solution in a 3-5 page paper.

Introduction

Whether you are a nurse, a public health professional, a health care administrator, or in another role in the health care field, you must base your decisions on a set of ethical principles and values. Your decisions must be fair, equitable, and defensible. Each discipline has established a professional code of ethics to guide ethical behavior. In this assessment, you will practice working through an ethical dilemma as described in a case study. Your practice will help you develop a method for formulating ethical decisions.

Instructions

Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.

For this assessment, develop a solution to a specific ethical dilemma faced by a health care professional. In your assessment:

1. Access the Ethical Case Studies media piece to review the case studies you will be using for this assessment.
   • Select the case most closely related to your area of interest and use it to complete the assessment.
     • Note: The case study may not supply all of the information you need. In such cases, you should consider a variety of possibilities and infer potential conclusions. However, please be sure to identify any assumptions or speculations you make.
   • Include the selected case study in your reference list, using proper APA style and format. Refer to the Evidence and APA section of the Writing Center for guidance.
2. Summarize the facts in a case study and use the three components of an ethical decision-making model to analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that contributed to it.
   • Identify which case study you selected and briefly summarize the facts surrounding it. Identify the problem or issue that presents an ethical dilemma or challenge and describe that dilemma or challenge.
   • Identify who is involved or affected by the ethical problem or issue.
   • Access the Ethical Decision-Making Model media piece and use the three components of the ethical decision-making model (moral awareness, moral judgment, and ethical behavior) to analyze the ethical issues.
     • Apply the three components outlined in the Ethical Decision-Making Model media.
   • Analyze the factors that contributed to the ethical problem or issue identified in the case study.
     • Describe the factors that contributed to the problem or issue and explain how they contributed.
3. Apply academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to an ethical problem or issue as evidence to support an analysis of the case.
   • In addition to the readings provided, use the Capella library to locate at least one academic peer-reviewed journal article relevant to the problem or issue that you can use to support your analysis of the situation. The NHS-FPX4000: Developing a Health Care Perspective Library Guide will help you locate appropriate references.
     • Cite and apply key principles from the journal article as evidence to support your critical thinking and analysis of the ethical problem or issue.
     • Review the Think Critically About Source Quality resource.
       • Assess the credibility of the information source.
       • Assess the relevance of the information source.
4. Discuss the effectiveness of the communication approaches present in a case study.
   • Describe how the health care professional in the case study communicated with others.
   • Assess instances where the professional communicated effectively or ineffectively.
   • Explain which communication approaches should be used and which ones should be avoided.
   • Describe the consequences of using effective and non-effective communication approaches.
5. Discuss the effectiveness of the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues involving ethical practice in a case study.
   • Describe the actions taken in response to the ethical dilemma or issue presented in the case study.
   • Summarize how well the professional managed professional responsibilities and priorities to resolve the problem or issue in the case.
   • Discuss the key lessons this case provides for health care professionals.
6. Apply ethical principles to a possible solution to an ethical problem or issue described in a case study.
   • Describe the proposed solution.
   • Discuss how the approach makes this professional more effective or less effective in building relationships across disciplines within his or her organization.
   • Discuss how likely it is the proposed solution will foster professional collaboration.
7. Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
   • Apply the principles of effective composition.
   • Determine the proper application of the rules of grammar and mechanics.
8. Write using APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.
   • Determine the proper application of APA formatting requirements and scholarly writing standards.
   • Integrate information from outside sources into academic writing by appropriately quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing, following APA style.

Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:

• Assessment 3 Example [PDF].

Additional Requirements

Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

• Length: 3–5 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page.
• Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
• APA tutorial: Use the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] for guidance.
• Written communication: Use correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
• References: Integrate information from outside sources to include at least two references (the case study and an academic peer-reviewed journal article) and three in-text citations within the paper.
• APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

• Competency 1: Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the field of health care.
  • Apply academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to an ethical problem or issue as evidence to support an analysis of the case.
• Competency 3: Apply ethical principles and academic standards to the study of health care.
  • Summarize the facts in a case study and use the three components of an ethical decision-making model to analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that contributed to it.
  • Discuss the effectiveness of the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues involving ethical practice in a case study.
  • Apply ethical principles to a possible solution to an ethical problem or issue described in a case study.
• Competency 4: Write for a specific audience, in appropriate tone and style, in accordance with Capella’s writing standards.
  • Discuss the effectiveness of the communication approaches present in a case study.
  • Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
  • Write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.