DNP 830 Working With Descriptive Statistics Essay

DNP 830 Working With Descriptive Statistics Essay

DNP 830 Working With Descriptive Statistics Essay

Descriptive statistics are used in describing features of data sets through a generation of summaries from a given data sample. Descriptive statistics can also be used to provide an overall summary of a study sample without interpretation (Grove & Cipher, 2019). When descriptive statistics are used in describing a population, various measures can be used to give a clearer picture of the population. The measures include median, mode, and mean as measures of tendency, standard deviation, and percentages (Kaur et al., 2018). The population data can be used to offer a summary of particular quantities in the sample in terms of percentages or mean. Such mean and percentages can then be used to help in understanding the trends existing in data. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a basic understanding of statistics by using a software program to analyze data using specific tests such as mean, median, mode, range, and standard deviation for a provided HCUP report.

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Summary of the Results

The data were analyzed using SPSS software. SPSS has been widely used over the years for data analysis (Pallant, 2022). From the analysis, it was noted that there are both missing and valid variables. The analysis mainly focused on the number of discharges in the year 2018. In the analysis output window, the number of discharged individuals has been shown in terms of cumulative percentages and percentages, as shown in the appendix section. The output also shows the percentage and frequency of the patients discharged in each of the thirty-six states provided in the dataset.

Statistical Analysis

The mean number of people discharged in 2018 was 699,602. This indicates that the states and an increment in the number of discharged individuals in comparison to the previous years. In addition, the analysis showed that the mode was 53,560, the median was 481,359, and the standard deviation was 802,921.95. Besides, while the minimum was found to be 53,560, the maximum value was 3,819,392.

Histogram and Bar Graphs

The pictorial representation of the analyzed data enhances the understanding of the observed trends. The histogram presents a data frequency with a normal curve which is important in showing the skewness of the data (Shreffler& Huecker, 2022). Skewness is usually used in measuring data asymmetry or how the values are distributed around the mean. The histogram also played a key role in visualizing the number of patients discharged during that time. The data on patient discharge did not show a normal distribution, which is an indication of skewed data.

Applying Descriptive statistical analysis to the Prospectus

Descriptive statistics can be useful in coming up with summaries for the overall data before a comprehensive conclusion about the study can be made (Heavey, 2022). Therefore, various strategies can be used, including bar charts, histograms, tables, and other visual displays. The information obtained from descriptive statistics also simplifies data substantially, especially data from a big population which would otherwise prove to be complicated without using descriptive statistics (MacFarland et al., 2021). The implication is that it enhances an understanding of the whole data set.

Conclusion

This write-up has explored working with descriptive statistics. Various aspects have been explored in the statistical analyses, including histogram and summary of results such as mean, mode, median, maximum, and minimum. The paper also describes ways of applying descriptive statistical analysis to the Prospectus of this DNP project. Applying descriptive statistics in this project would also heighten the readers’ understanding of the simple analytical techniques used in analyzing DNP project data.

References

Grove, S. K., & Cipher, D. J. (2019). Statistics for nursing research-e-book: a workbook for evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Heavey, E. (2022). Statistics for nursing: A practical approach. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Kaur, P., Stoltzfus, J., & Yellapu, V. (2018). Descriptive statistics. International Journal of Academic Medicine, 4(1), 60. Doi: 10.4103/IJAM.IJAM_7_18

MacFarland, T. W., Yates, J. M., MacFarland, T. W., & Yates, J. M. (2021). Data Exploration, Descriptive Statistics, and Measures of Central Tendency. Using R for Biostatistics, 57-139. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-62404-0_2

Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS.

Shreffler, J., & Huecker, M. R. (2022). Exploratory data analysis: Frequencies, descriptive statistics, histograms, and boxplots. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557570/

Appendices

Descriptive Statistics
2018
N	Valid	35
	Missing	3
Mean		699602.2000
Median		481359.0000
Mode		53560.00a
Std. Deviation		802921.94866
Minimum		53560.00
Maximum		3819392.00
a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown

2018
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	53560.00	1	2.6	2.9	2.9
	62398.00	1	2.6	2.9	5.7
	105475.00	1	2.6	2.9	8.6
	112897.00	1	2.6	2.9	11.4
	127483.00	1	2.6	2.9	14.3
	131443.00	1	2.6	2.9	17.1
	141375.00	1	2.6	2.9	20.0
	201308.00	1	2.6	2.9	22.9
	205706.00	1	2.6	2.9	25.7
	259625.00	1	2.6	2.9	28.6
	284956.00	1	2.6	2.9	31.4
	320411.00	1	2.6	2.9	34.3
	330988.00	1	2.6	2.9	37.1
	367355.00	1	2.6	2.9	40.0
	373127.00	1	2.6	2.9	42.9
	382288.00	1	2.6	2.9	45.7
	401831.00	1	2.6	2.9	48.6
	481359.00	1	2.6	2.9	51.4
	528910.00	1	2.6	2.9	54.3
	584533.00	1	2.6	2.9	57.1
	597633.00	1	2.6	2.9	60.0
	598751.00	1	2.6	2.9	62.9
	606811.00	1	2.6	2.9	65.7
	643855.00	1	2.6	2.9	68.6
	755988.00	1	2.6	2.9	71.4
	779404.00	1	2.6	2.9	74.3
	807125.00	1	2.6	2.9	77.1
	847557.00	1	2.6	2.9	80.0
	941250.00	1	2.6	2.9	82.9
	1101923.00	1	2.6	2.9	85.7
	1123093.00	1	2.6	2.9	88.6
	1212995.00	1	2.6	2.9	91.4
	2337668.00	1	2.6	2.9	94.3
	2855604.00	1	2.6	2.9	97.1
	3819392.00	1	2.6	2.9	100.0
	Total	35	92.1	100.0
Missing	System	3	7.9
Total		38	100.0

The Histogram

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Assessment Description

This course helps you develop a basic understanding of statistics. This course addresses two distinct types, descriptive and inferential statistics. In this assignment, you will use a software program that makes it easy to analyze data using specific tests. This assignment will give you practice with mean, median, mode, range, and standard deviation.

General Requirements:

Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment:

• Refer to the “Downloading and Installing SPSS for Doctoral Students” resource, located in the Class Resources, to download SPSS to your computer prior to beginning this assignment.
• View the “Working with Descriptive Statistics” tutorial, located in the DNP-830A folder of the DNP PI Workspace.
• Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. The APA Style Guide is located in the Student Success Center.
• This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
• You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.
• Learners will submit this assignment using the assignment dropbox in the digital classroom. In addition, learners must upload this deliverable to the Learner Dissertation Page (LDP) in the DNP PI Workspace for later use.

Directions:

After you have downloaded the SPSS program to your computer, completed the assigned readings, and viewed the assigned videos, use the data provided in the topic Resources, “HCUP State Inpatient Databases (SID) File Composition – Number of Discharges by Year,” and appropriate statistics to address the following:

1. Determine the statistics for discharges in 2018 as follows: Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, Minimum, and Maximum.
2. Describe the data distribution using the bell curve as follows: Create a histogram with discharges (axis X) and frequencies (axis Y).

SPSS Output

1. Open SPSS and open a new database.
2. Go to the Variable View.
3. In the first row, label the name as State. Enter State as the Label Field. In the Values drop down, enter numerical values for each state label (e.g., 1 = AK, 2 = AR, etc.).
4. In rows 2 through 10, label the name as Year_2012 through Year_2020. Enter the applicable year (e.g., 2012, 2013, etc.) in the Label Field.
5. Go to the Data View and enter the data. Use numbers for the states in the first column. Enter the discharges for each applicable year (2012 – 2020) and align to the respective state. Save this data set. You will use this same data set in Topic 4.
6. Go to the menu and click Analyze. Click Descriptive Statistics, then click Frequencies, and add Year_2018 to the field. Click Statistics and click mean, median, mode, std. deviation, minimum, and maximum. Click continue. Click Charts and select Histograms. Click show normal curve on histogram. Click continue. Click OK. Review and save the Output.

Summary

Create a histogram of the discharges graphed. Determine if the data are normally distributed or skewed according to the bell curve. Write a 250-500-word summary of your analysis and results. Attach the histogram and the SPSS statistical output to the appendices of your paper.

Portfolio Practice Immersion Hours:

It may be possible to earn portfolio practice immersion hours for this assignment. Enter the following after the References section of your paper:

Practice Immersion Hours Completion Statement DNP-830A

I, (INSERT NAME), verify that I have completed and logged (NUMBER OF) clock minutes/hours in association with the goals and objectives for this assignment. I also have tracked said practice immersion hours in the Lopes Activity Tracker for verification purposes and will be sure that all approvals are in place from my faculty and practice immersion preceptor/mentor before the end of the course.

Resources

Collapse All ResourcesCollapse All

Clinical Analytics and Data Management for the DNP

Read Chapters 7, 8, and 13 in Clinical Analytics and Data Management for the DNP.

View Resource

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Navigating Statistics for Successful Project Implementation

Read:

Halm, M. (2020). Navigating statistics for successful project implementation. American Nurse Today, 15(1),

… Read More

https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=141262263&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=ehost

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Chapter 3: Descriptive Statistics

Read:

Knapp, H. (2018).  Chapter 3: Descriptive statistics. In Intermediate statistics using SPSS (pp. 45-76). SAGE P

… Read More

https://methods-sagepub-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/book/intermediate-statistics-using-spss/i1197.xml?fromsearch=true

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Introduction to Nonparametric Methods

Read:

Wienclaw, R. A. (2021). Introduction to nonparametric methods. Salem Press Encyclopedia.

https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=89163799&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=eds1

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An Introduction to Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

View:

Almazan, E. (Academic). (2017). An introduction to descriptive and inferential statistics[Video]. SAGE Research Meth

… Read More

https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://methods.sagepub.com/video/an-introduction-to-descriptive-and-inferential-statistics

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Working in SPSS

View:

Knapp, H. (Academic). (2016). Working in SPSS [Video]. SAGE Research Methods Video.

https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://methods.sagepub.com/video/working-in-spss-tuto?seq=1

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Descriptive Statistics, Categorical

View:

Knapp, H.  (Academic). (2016). Descriptive statistics, categorical [Video]. SAGE Research Methods Video.

https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://methods.sagepub.com/video/descriptive-statistics-categorical-tuto

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HCUP State Inpatient Databases (SID) File Composition – Number of Discharges by Year

Review the data on the HCUP webpage to complete the topic assignment:

Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. (2021). HCUP sta

… Read More

https://hcup-us.ahrq.gov/db/state/siddist/siddist_discharge.jsp

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Working With Descriptive Statistics

View the “Working With Descriptive Statistics” tutorial, located in the DNP-830A folder of the DNP PI Workspace for assistance in

… Read More

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Rubric Criteria

Criterion	1. Unsatisfactory	2. Insufficient	3. Approaching	4. Acceptable	5. Target
Summary of Analysis and Results Summary of Analysis and Results	0 points A summary of the results is not included.	17.6 points A summary of the results is incomplete. There are significant inaccuracies.	19.36 points A summary of the analysis and results is included. Some aspects are unclear. There are minor inaccuracies.	20.24 points A summary of the analysis and results is complete and adequate.	22 points A summary of the analysis and results is accurate and detailed.
Histogram of Statistical Analysis Histogram of Statistical Analysis	0 points A histogram of the discharges graphed is not included.	13.2 points A histogram of the discharges graphed is incomplete or incorrect. The histogram is included but is not attached in the appendices of the paper.	14.52 points NA	15.18 points NA	16.5 points A histogram of the discharges graphed is accurate and clearly presented. The histogram is attached in the appendices of the paper.
Determination of Data Distribution (Normally distributed or skewed)	0 points A determination of whether the data are normally distributed or skewed according to the bell curve is omitted.	13.2 points A determination of whether the data are normally distributed or skewed according to the bell curve is included but is incorrect.	14.52 points NA	15.18 points NA	16.5 points A determination of whether the data are normally distributed or skewed according to the bell curve is clearly presented and accurate.
SPSS Statistical Output Statistical output attached is in appendices of paper.	0 points Output from the statistical analysis is not included.	17.6 points Output from the statistical analysis is incomplete or incorrect. The SPSS output is included but is not attached in the appendices of the paper.	19.36 points NA	20.24 points NA	22 points The SPSS statistical analysis output is complete and correct. The SPSS output is attached in the appendices of the paper.
Thesis, Position, or Purpose Communicates reason for writing and demonstrates awareness of audience.	0 points The thesis, position, or purpose is not discernible. No awareness of the appropriate audience is evident.	4.4 points The thesis, position, or purpose is discernable in most aspects but is occasionally weak or unclear. There is limited awareness of the appropriate audience.	4.84 points The thesis, position, or purpose is adequately developed. An awareness of the appropriate audience is demonstrated.	5.06 points The thesis, position, or purpose is clearly communicated throughout and clearly directed to a specific audience.	5.5 points The thesis, position, or purpose is persuasively developed throughout and skillfully directed to a specific audience.
Development, Structure, and Conclusion Advances position or purpose throughout writing; conclusion aligns to and evolves from development.	0 points No advancement of the thesis, position, or purpose is evident. Connections between paragraphs are missing or inappropriate. No conclusion is offered.	4.4 points Limited advancement of thesis, position, or purpose is discernable. There are inconsistencies in organization or the relationship of ideas. Conclusion is simplistic and not fully aligned to the development of the purpose.	4.84 points The thesis, position, or purpose is advanced in most aspects. Ideas clearly build on each other. Conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.	5.06 points The thesis, position, or purpose is logically advanced throughout. The progression of ideas is coherent and unified. A clear and plausible conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.	5.5 points The thesis, position, or purpose is coherently and cohesively advanced throughout. The progression of ideas is coherent and unified. A convincing and unambiguous conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.
Evidence Selects and integrates evidence to support and advance position/purpose; considers other perspectives.	0 points Evidence to support the thesis, position, or purpose is absent. The writing relies entirely on the perspective of the writer.	4.4 points Evidence is used but is insufficient or of limited relevance. Simplistic explanation or integration of other perspectives is present.	4.84 points Relevant evidence that includes other perspectives is used.	5.06 points Specific and appropriate evidence is included. Other perspectives are integrated.	5.5 points Comprehensive and compelling evidence is included. Multiple other perspectives are integrated effectively.
Mechanics of Writing Includes spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, language use, sentence structure, etc.	0 points Errors in grammar or syntax are pervasive and impede meaning. Incorrect language choice or sentence structure errors are found throughout.	7.04 points Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors are present. Inconsistencies in language choice or sentence structure are recurrent.	7.74 points Occasional mechanical errors are present. Language choice is generally appropriate. Varied sentence structure is attempted.	8.1 points Few mechanical errors are present. Suitable language choice and sentence structure are used.	8.8 points No mechanical errors are present. Skilled control of language choice and sentence structure are used throughout.
Format/Documentation Uses appropriate style, such as APA, MLA, etc., for college, subject, and level; documents sources using citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., appropriate to assignment and discipline.	0 points Appropriate format is not used. No documentation of sources is provided.	6.16 points Appropriate format is attempted, but some elements are missing. Frequent errors in documentation of sources are evident.	6.78 points Appropriate format and documentation are used, although there are some obvious errors.	7.08 points Appropriate format and documentation are used with only minor errors.	7.7 points No errors in formatting or documentation are present. Selectivity in the use of direct quotations and synthesis of sources is demonstrated.