BIO 326 Discussion 10.1: Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation Essay

BIO 326 Discussion 10.1: Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation Essay

BIO 326 Discussion 10.1: Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation Essay

BIO 326 Discussion 10.1: Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation Sample Essay

The plan for a 56-year-old man with newly diagnosed stage I hypertension would focus on sustainable lifestyle modification. Since the patient has a demanding job, he may not be able to engage in regular moderate-to-high intense physical exercises (Valenzuela et al., 2021). Therefore, I would encourage him to be mobile at work, such as using the stairs instead of lifts and taking more steps during his breaks. In addition, he can engage in moderate-vigorous physical activities like jogging, brisk walking, running, skipping, and strength training exercises on his day off.

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The patient frequently eats at restaurants due to his job. I would counsel him to order healthy foods and avoid junk foods. For instance, he can order whole grains, vegetables, fruits, lean meat, and eggs and avoid processed foods and foods with artificially added sugars (Valenzuela et al., 2021). Furthermore, I would encourage the client to substitute caffeine, sodas, and fruit juices with water. I would also encourage the patient to gradually reduce cigarette smoking by decreasing the number of cigars he smokes daily. This will help in gradually achieving smoking cessation, which improves BP and prevents HTN complications like strokes and diabetes (Fu et al., 2020). Besides, I would encourage him to gradually lower alcohol consumption to half a glass of martinis 2-3 days a week and add water to the martinis.

The patient’s risk factors for hypertension are being overweight, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. I would recommend increased physical activity like walking to work, being mobile, and adopting healthier dietary habits like reducing intake of high-caloric and high-sodium foods (Fu et al., 2020). This will promote weight loss and improve BP. Cigarette smoking will be addressed by gradually reducing the number of cigars daily since abrupt cessation may be impossible. Alcohol consumption would be modified by reducing the amount of martini taken per day and the number of days the patient drinks.

References

Fu, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Zhou, L., Li, D., Quan, H., … & Zhao, Y. (2020). Nonpharmacologic interventions for reducing blood pressure in adults with prehypertension to established hypertension. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(19), e016804. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.016804

Valenzuela, P. L., Carrera-Bastos, P., Gálvez, B. G., Ruiz-Hurtado, G., Ordovas, J. M., Ruilope, L. M., & Lucia, A. (2021). Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 18(4), 251-275. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-00437-9

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Value: 10 points

Introduction

A 56-year-old patient with newly diagnosed stage I hypertension has been referred to you for counseling regarding lifestyle modifications. He is married with four children; two in high school, two in college. His job as a senior vice-president for a major retail chain requires that he work long hours and frequently eat at restaurants. He smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, has a body mass index (BMI) of 29 kg/m2, and a waist–hip ratio of 1.6. He usually drinks one to two dry martinis to relax after he gets home from work.

Discussion Guidelines

Initial Post

In your initial post, answer the following questions:

How would you develop a realistic plan to help this patient reduce his blood pressure and prevent complications?
Which risk factors would be among your top two or three priorities for this patient, and what interventions or recommendations would you provide for modifying these?

Response Post(s)

Reply to at least two classmates’ initial posts by Sunday.

Submission

Post your initial and follow up responses and review full grading criteria on the Discussion 10.1: Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation page.

Week 10: Cardiovascular Dysfunction

Welcome to Week 10. This week’s material covers cardiovascular disorders. The material in Chapters 26 and 28 cover disorders of blood flow in the systemic circulation and disorders of cardiac conduction and rhythm, respectively. Chapter 27 covers two additional sets of material on disorders of disorders of cardiac function, and heart failure and circulatory shock. You should pay attention to the development of specific cardiac dysfunction in each set of material, as well as the resultant effects on the body of such disorders. Hypertension, coronary artery disease, MI, cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, and the effects of valvular dysfunction on cardiac function are covered in detail.

Lesson 1: Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation

Lesson 1: Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation

The material in the Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation presentation is primarily about hypertension, in light of the cardiovascular consequences of this disease (although additional content is presented).

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Hypertension
Define hypertension and relate it to normal physiology

Delineate the four stages of hypertension development by describing the systolic and diastolic pressures in each stage

Define the term “volume-loading hypertension” that is caused by renal impairment

Describe how primary aldosteronism can also lead to a volume loading hypertension

Understand how secondary hypertension is caused by a number of pathophysiological conditions. Understand in each case how the condition results in volume-loading hypertension and vasoconstriction

Describe the primary causative factors for primary hypertension and how lifestyle affects the development of hypertension
Hypotension
Describe the causative factors that lead to blood pressure decreases in orthostatic hypotension

Before attempting to complete your learning activities for this week, review the following learning materials:

Learning Materials

Read the following in your Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States textbook:

Chapter 26, “Disorders of Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation”

Lesson 2: Disorders of Cardiac Function

The Disorders of Cardiac Function presentation provides information on pericardial, coronary, myocardial, and valvular diseases. You should also review the Disorders of Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm presentation to understand the types of arrhythmias and how they are treated.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Pericardial Conditions

Describe acute and constrictive pericarditis

Explain the disorder pericardial effusion
Coronary Artery Disease

Describe the risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease
List and describe the three types of angina that may indicate the presence of myocardial ischemia
Explain the consequences of myocardial infarction (MI), describe how an MI is diagnosed, and list the treatment options
Understand coronary blood flow and how coronary blood flow occlusion leads to MI
Explain how ischemia leads to heart dysfunction and loss of cardiovascular tissue

Before attempting to complete your learning activities for this week, review the following learning materials:

Learning Materials

Read the following in your Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States textbook:

Chapter 27, “Disorders of Cardiac Function, and Heart Failure and Circulatory Shock”

Chapter 28, “Disorders of Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm”

Review the following presentations. Note: the videos have no audio.

Disorders of Cardiac Function Presentation

Download the PowerPoint version of Disorders of Cardiac Function Presentation (PPT) if you require an accessible copy of the video.

Disorders of Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm Presentation

Download the PowerPoint version of Disorders of Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm Presentation (PPT) if you require an accessible copy of the video.