Assignment: NURS_6521_Week4 Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders

Assignment: NURS_6521_Week4 Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders

Assignment: NURS_6521_Week4 Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders

Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders.

The biliary system which is made up of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas main function is the production and transportation of bile. Obstruction in any part of this tree or an infection may lead to serious complications and even fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies. Biliary tree disorders clinically present with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and jaundice. The purpose of this paper is to explore the symptomatic and medical management of a patient with cholelithiasis.

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Diagnosis of the Patient.

The patient is most likely to be having gall stones(cholelithiasis). This is because her symptoms which include right upper quadrant pain worsened by heavy a meal, nausea and vomiting(Littlefield & Lenahan, 2019). She also has the risk factors of developing gall stones which are the fact that she is female(Lam et al., 2021), she is in her forties and she is obese. It is also reported that gall bladder incidence is higher in patients with type II diabetes(Chen et al., 2018).

Appropriate Drug Therapy Plan and the Justification.

Surgery is the recommended definitive management for gall stones. However, pharmacotherapy can also be used in the management of such cases. The patient will benefit from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDS) drugs such as ketorolac to manage the RUQ pain(Gutt et al., 2020).Anticholinergic/ spasmolytic drugs such asscopolamine can also be used to reduce the pain instead to the NSAIDs.Gallstone dissolution agents such as ursodiol can also be administered. Antiemetics such as ondansetron will be of great help in the management of nausea and vomiting. Ms. DC might also benefit from antibiotics since her white blood cell levels are elevated indicating an infection(Costanzo et al., 2023). Quinolones such are levofloxacin is considered safe in this patient.

Conclusion

Even though surgery is preferred management of choice for patients with cholelithiasis, pharmacotherapy is recommended for those patients who are not willing to undergo surgery. The drugs used not only alleviates patients’ symptoms but also dissolve the stones. Pharmacotherapy is also crucial in the prevention of complications.

References.

Chen, C.-H., Lin, C.-L., Hsu, C.-Y., & Kao, C.-H. (2018). Association Between Type I and II Diabetes With Gallbladder Stone Disease. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 9, 720. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00720

Costanzo, M. L., D’Andrea, V., Lauro, A., & Bellini, M. I. (2023). Acute Cholecystitis from Biliary Lithiasis: Diagnosis, Management and Treatment. Antibiotics, 12(3), 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030482

Gutt, C., Schläfer, S., & Lammert, F. (2020). The Treatment of Gallstone Disease. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2020.0148

Lam, R., Zakko, A., Petrov, J. C., Kumar, P., Duffy, A. J., & Muniraj, T. (2021). Gallbladder Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Disease-a-Month, 67(7), 101130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101130

Littlefield, A., & Lenahan, C. (2019). Cholelithiasis: Presentation and Management. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 64(3), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12959

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Assignment: Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders

 

PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR GASTROINTESTINAL AND HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS

Gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatobiliary disorders affect the structure and function of the GI tract. Many of these disorders often have similar symptoms, such as abdominal pain, cramping, constipation, nausea, bloating, and fatigue. Since multiple disorders can be tied to the same symptoms, it is important for advanced practice nurses to carefully evaluate patients and prescribe a treatment that targets the cause rather than the symptom.

Once the underlying cause is identified, an appropriate drug therapy plan can be recommended based on medical history and individual patient factors. In this Assignment, you examine a case study of a patient who presents with symptoms of a possible GI/hepatobiliary disorder, and you design an appropriate drug therapy plan.

RESOURCES

 

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCES

LEARNING RESOURCES

Required Readings

• Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
  • Chapter 64, “Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease” (pp. 589–597)
  • Chapter 65, “Laxatives” (pp. 598–604)
  • Chapter 66, “Other Gastrointestinal Drugs” (pp. 605–616)
  • Chapter 80, “Antiviral Agents I: Drugs for Non-HIV Viral Infections” (pp. 723–743)
• Chalasani, N., Younossi, Z., Lavine, J. E., Charlton, M., Cusi, K., Rinella, M., . . . Sanya, A. J. (2018). The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver DiseasesLinks to an external site.. Hepatology, 67(1), 328–357. Retrieved from https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hep.29367This article details the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Review this article to gain an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology as well as the suggested pharmacotherapeutics that might be recommended to treat this disorder.

Assignment: NURS_6521_Week4 Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders

To Prepare:

• Review the case study assigned by your Instructor for this Assignment
• Reflect on the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and drugs currently prescribed.
• Think about a possible diagnosis for the patient. Consider whether the patient has a disorder related to the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary system or whether the symptoms are the result of a disorder from another system or other factors, such as pregnancy, drugs, or a psychological disorder.
• Consider an appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed.

BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 4

Write a 1-page paper that addresses the following:

• Explain your diagnosis for the patient, including your rationale for the diagnosis.
• Describe an appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed.
• Justify why you would recommend this drug therapy plan for this patient. Be specific and provide examples.

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center offers an example of those required elements (available at http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htmLinks to an external site.). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

SUBMISSION INFORMATION

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Rubric

NURS_6521_Week4_Assignment_Rubric

NURS_6521_Week4_Assignment_Rubric

Criteria	Ratings	Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeExplain your diagnosis for the patient, including your rationale for the diagnosis.	25 to >22.25 ptsExcellent The response accurately and clearly explains in detail the diagnosis for the patient, including an accurate and thorough rationale for the diagnosis that supports clinical judgment. 22.25 to >19.75 ptsGood The response provides a basic explanation of 1-2 diagnoses for the patient, including an accurate rationale for the diagnosis that may support clinical judgment. 19.75 to >17.25 ptsFair The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the diagnosis for the patient, including an inaccurate or vague rationale for the diagnosis that may or may not support clinical judgment. 17.25 to >0 ptsPoor The response inaccurately and vaguely explains the diagnosis for the patient, including an inaccurate and vague rationale for the diagnosis that does not support clinical judgment, or is missing.	25 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeDescribe an appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed.	30 to >26.7 ptsExcellent The response accurately and completely describes in detail an appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed. 26.7 to >23.7 ptsGood The response describes a basic explanation of the appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed. 23.7 to >20.7 ptsFair The response inaccurately or vaguely describes an appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed. 20.7 to >0 ptsPoor The response inaccurately and vaguely describes an appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed.	30 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeJustify why you would recommend this drug therapy plan for this patient. Be specific and provide examples.	30 to >26.7 ptsExcellent The response provides an accurate, clear, and detailed justification for the recommended drug therapy plan for this patient. … The response includes specific, accurate, and detailed examples that fully support the justification provided. 26.7 to >23.7 ptsGood The response provides a basic justification for the recommended drug therapy plan for this patient. … The response includes only 1-2 examples that fully support the justification provided. 23.7 to >20.7 ptsFair The response provides an inaccurate or vague justification for the recommended drug therapy plan for this patient. … The response may include examples, which may inaccurately or vaguely support the justification provided. 20.7 to >0 ptsPoor The response provides an inaccurate and vague justification for the recommended drug therapy plan for this patient, or is missing. … The response does not include examples that support the justification provided, or is missing.	30 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.	5 to >4.45 ptsExcellent Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. 4.45 to >3.95 ptsGood Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. 3.95 to >3.45 ptsFair Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time. 3.45 to >0 ptsPoor Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity less than 60% of the time.	5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation	5 to >4.45 ptsExcellent Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors 4.45 to >3.95 ptsGood Contains a few (1–2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors 3.95 to >3.45 ptsFair Contains several (3–4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors 3.45 to >0 ptsPoor Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding	5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.	5 to >4.45 ptsExcellent Uses correct APA format with no errors 4.45 to >3.95 ptsGood Contains a few (1–2) APA format errors 3.95 to >3.45 ptsFair Contains several (3–4) APA format errors 3.45 to >0 ptsPoor Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors	5 pts
Total Points: 100

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