Assignment; Diabetes and Drug Treatments Essay

Assignment; Diabetes and Drug Treatments Essay

Assignment; Diabetes and Drug Treatments Essay

Chronic diseases continue to hamper people’s productivity and increase healthcare costs. Diabetes is among the prevalent diseases contributing to the rise in chronic diseases. Type 1 diabetes is primarily a genetic condition that occurs early in life. It is characterized by the immune system attacking and destroying insulin-producing cells (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, 2022). Type 2 diabetes is primarily a lifestyle condition that develops progressively. For patients with type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces inadequate insulin, and the body becomes insulin resistant. Gestational diabetes is first diagnosed during pregnancy and is a high-risk factor for type 2 diabetes (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, 2022). Juvenile diabetes typically appears during adolescence or childhood. It is also another name for type 1 diabetes.

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Treating Type 2 Diabetes

Effective type 2 diabetes treatment requires lifestyle modifications and medications as situations necessitate. The primary drug option for patients with type 2 diabetes is metformin, which prevents a rise in blood glucose levels by reducing glucose production in the liver (Corcoran & Jacobs, 2018). It also works by inhibiting intestinal absorption of glucose and increasing sensitivity to insulin. On preparation and administration, metformin is orally taken in dosages from 500 to 2550mg daily and administered with a meal (Corcoran & Jacobs, 2018). Typically, the initial dosage is 500mg, twice daily. Alternatively, a patient can take 850mg once daily with meals (Corcoran & Jacobs, 2018). Administering it with a meal reduces the potential for gastrointestinal upset. Dietary considerations related to type 2 diabetes treatment include daily intake of nutritionally-balanced meals. Besides, patients should regulate their calorie intake, monitor carbohydrate consumption, and increase their intake of food rich in fiber (Gray & Threlkeld, 2019). These considerations help patients to stabilize their glucose levels.

Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Type 2 Diabetes

Short-term effects of type 2 diabetes include hypoglycemia (too low blood sugar) and hyperglycemia (too high glucose levels). Hypoglycemia symptoms include fatigue, anxiety, and irregular heart rhythm (Inspira Health, 2019). Short-term complications of hyperglycemia include frequent urination, headache, and increased thirst. Controlling blood sugar can prevent these symptoms from developing into more serious complications. Long-term effects of type 2 diabetes include heart disease, kidney disease, and neuropathy. Heart disease is associated with chest pain and shortness of breath and is a common cause of heart attack (Inspira Health, 2019). Untreated hyperglycemia strains the kidneys, causing kidney disease. Adverse effects of drug treatments include weakness, chest discomfort, and diaphoresis (Corcoran & Jacobs, 2018). Vitamin B12 supplementation is crucial when taking metformin.

References

Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. (2022). Gestational diabetes. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/gestational.html#:~:text=However%2C%20about%2050%25%20of%20women,your%20levels%20are%20on%20target.

Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. (2022). What is type 1 diabetes? https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/what-is-type-1-diabetes.html

Corcoran, C., & Jacobs, T. F. (2018). Metformin. StatPearls Publishing.

Gray, A., & Threlkeld, R. J. (2019). Nutritional recommendations for individuals with diabetes. Endotext

Inspira Health. (2019). Complications of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. https://www.inspirahealthnetwork.org/news/complications-uncontrolled-type-2-diabetes#:~:text=Short%2Dterm%20complications%20include%20frequent,more%20serious%20complications%20from%20developing.

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ach year, 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2019). If left untreated, diabetic patients are at risk for several alterations, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, neuropathy, and blindness. There are various methods for treating diabetes, many of which include some form of drug therapy. The type of diabetes as well as the patient’s behavior factors will impact treatment recommendations.

For this Discussion, you compare types of diabetes, including drug treatments for type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.

Reference: American Diabetes Association. (2019). Statistics about diabetes. Retrieved from http://diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/statistics/

RESOURCES

 

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCES

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources for this module and reflect on differences between types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.
• Select one type of diabetes to focus on for this Discussion.
• Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary considerations related to treatment.
• Think about the short-term and long-term impact of the diabetes you selected on patients, including effects of drug treatments.

BY DAY 3 OF WEEK 5

Post a brief explanation of the differences between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Be sure to include dietary considerations related to treatment. Then, explain the short-term and long-term impact of this type of diabetes on patients. including effects of drug treatments. Be specific and provide examples.

BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 5

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected a different type of diabetes than you did. Provide recommendations for alternative drug treatments and patient education strategies for treatment and management.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the Reply button to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Post Reply, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Post Reply!

LEARNING RESOURCES

Required Readings

• Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
  • Chapter 48, “Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus” (pp. 397–415)
  • Chapter 49, “Drugs for Thyroid Disorders” (pp. 416–424)
• American Diabetes Association. (2018). Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetesLinks to an external site.—2018. Diabetes Care, 41(Supplement 1), S73–S85. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/supplement_1/s73.full-text.pdf

  This article provides guidance on pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment as it pertains to treating patients with diabetes. Reflect on the content of this article as you continue to examine potential drug treatments for patients with diabetes.