Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Paper
Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Paper
Evaluation of ethical issues in research is an essential component of understanding the value of effective interventions used by researchers in studying certain components. Research ethics are fundamental in enhancing the credibility and reliability of studies conducted by researchers on different issues affecting healthcare delivery. The essence of this article analysis is to evaluate research ethics in the study by Zahra et al. (2018) on the obstacles that hinder effective support for nurses as second victims of medical errors.
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| Article Citation and Permalink
(APA format) |
Article 1  Struggling to meet your deadline ?Get assistance on Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Paper done on time by medical experts. Don’t wait – ORDER NOW! Zahra, M, Mohammad A. H., Hamid, R. K., Masoud, F. K.&Alireza,N. N. |
| Point | Description |
| Broad Topic Area/Title | Factors that hinder support for nurses who are second victims of committed medical errors. The study is a qualitative research on the topic mentioned. |
| Problem Statement
(What is the problem research is addressing?) |
The problem that the study addresses is identification of support for nurses who become victims of medical errors that occur and how they cope with their feelings from both a professional and personal perspective. |
| Purpose Statement
(What is the purpose of the study?) |
The aim of the study to explain the challenges to supporting nurses as second victims of medical errors. |
| Research Questions
(What questions does the research seek to answer?) |
The study seeks to answer a host of questions:
a). What is known concerning nurses being secondary victims of medical errors? b). What are the feelings of nurses who are secondary victims of medical errors? c). What is the perspective of a nurse about a medical error committed by a colleague? |
| Define Hypothesis
(Or state the correct hypothesis based upon variables used) |
H0: Giving support to nurses who are second victims of medical errors leads to positive to their wellbeing (p.556).
H1: Nurses can suffer irreparable psychological effects if they fail to get support as a second victims of medical errors (p.556) H2: Are nurses really second victims of medical errors? |
| Identify Dependent and Independent Variablesand Type of Data for the Variables | The independent variable in the study comprise nurses with a history of medical errors. The inclusion criteria for the nurses as independent variable include being full-time employee at the site of the study, having worked for at least 12 months at as nurses, and participation through honest answers to the question. Further, these nurses were critical care working in surgical care units, emergency departments and intensive care units (ICUs).
The dependent variable in the study was support barriers for nurses. Data from the study was collected based on four thematic areas that included cultural barriers, insufficient information, mismanagement, and legal challenges. The data collection methods included in-depth and semi-structured interviews. |
| Population of Interest for Study | The population of interest was nurses who had committed medical errors and were second victims. The nurses comprised of 18 with female nurses being 14 and male counterparts 4. |
| Sample | The study sample consisted of 18 participants; all nurses working in critical care settings. The participants were aged between 24 and 42 years. |
| Sampling Method | The qualitative study used purposive sampling method. |
| Identify Data Collection
Identify how data were collected |
The researchers used in-depth and semi-structured interviews to collect data in the study. |
| Summarize Data Collection Approach | The study collected data using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. These interviews entailed a combination of personal questions, professional questions, and questions based on existing information from previous researches. The interviewers began by a general approach before getting detailed with the participants about any support they attained upon committing a medical error. The interview also focused on the participants’ feelings after committing the error and how they felt after encountering a colleague who had committed a medical error. Therefore, the researchers employed a scientific background for interview questions by combining literature reviews and authors’ choices. |
| Discuss Data Analysis
Include what types of statistical tests were used for the variables. |
The researchers used MAXDA software to analyze the collected data. The tool helped the researchers to categorize data and extract codes. The software categorized the codes based on their similarities and differences. The researchers used transferability, reliability, credibility and conformability to increase the rigor of the study. No statistical tests are mentioned in the study. |
| Summarize Results of Study | The results from the study shows that several barriers hinder effective support that nurses should get as second victims of medical errors. The participants mentioned perceived mismanagement as a significant barrier to effective support when an error occurs. Secondly, inadequate systematic support and cultural beliefs also hinder acquisition of support for these nurses. The participants were candid that as second victims of medical errors, they get unfair treatment from their superiors. The results also show that nurses’ problems, needs, and expectations are never appreciated by others. This increases ignorance to attaining sufficient support for the involved nurses. |
| Summary of Assumptions and Limitations
Identify the assumptions and limitations from the article. Report other potential assumptions and limitations ofyour review not listed by the author. |
Many barriers lead to patient harm and medical errors. For instance, inadequate levels of nurses coupled with poor time management can lead to missed care and missed information that lead to medical errors. The assumption of the study is that nurses work in isolation from other healthcare providers like physicians and pharmacists. The implication is that medical errors should not be blamed on nurses but are systematic issues which must be addressed by all stakeholders.
The study also limited its survey to nurses in hospitals and did not consider those in specialized facilities and nursing homes as well as long-term care settings. The study also fails to substantiate the veracity of its claims about the need for sufficient support for nurses and if they are true victims and not perpetrators of medical errors. The study does not address some of the strategies that stakeholders can employ in offering support to nurses. |
Ethical Considerations
Ethical considerations are essential when sampling, gathering data, analyzing it, and when publishing the outcomes or results. The article on support barriers for nurses who had medical errors as second victims should ensure that it adheres to the ethical aspects. The biomedical principles model implores researchers to adhere to beneficence, autonomy, non-maleficence, and justice as critical to quality care delivery. The principle of autonomy ensures that researchers respect the inherent dignity of their subjects while justice demands fair treatment of all participants irrespective of their socioeconomic and political backgrounds(Jamrozik&Selgelid, 2021). However, the researchers used purposive sampling implying that they were biased based on gender. The participants were 18 but only four were male. This shows that the researchers did not treat the male participants equally as their female counterparts.
Ethical considerations on autonomy and non-maleficence are essential as they ensure that participants take part in a study without being coerced. Further, autonomy ensures that research subjects give their informed consent based on sufficient information offered by the researchers about the benefits of such studies(Richardson et al., 2018). Informed consent occurs when participants have enough information about various aspects of a study, especially its potential benefits and possible risks. Consequently, the study under review, (Zahra et al., 2017), shows that attainment these principles is essential in developing credibility and reliability of a research. The article illustrates that these components are important in enhancing the effectiveness of selected interventions to address the identified challenge.
The collection of data in the study was purposive meaning that only people who met defined criteria were included. However, such an approach is liable to manipulation by researchers as they only seek certain outcomes. The approach is not ethical since it does not offer prospective participants similar chances of being picked like in random sampling (Hokke et al., 2018). The interviews for participants took place in a private setting upon their request. While the approach adheres to the need for privacy, it negates transparency in the research as participants did not have a chance to meet their fellow subjects.
References
Hokke, S., Hackworth, N. J., Quin, N., Bennetts, S. K., Win, H. Y., Nicholson, J. M., … & Crawford, S. B. (2018). Ethical issues in
using the internet to engage participants in family and child research: A scoping review. PloS one, 13(9), e0204572.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204572.
Jamrozik, E., &Selgelid, M. J. (2021). Ethical Issues. In Human Challenge Studies in Endemic Settings (pp. 25-82). Springer, Cham.
Richardson, S. M., Petter, S., & Carter, M. (2021). Five ethical issues in the big data analytics age. Communications of the
Association for Information Systems, 49(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.04918
Zahra, M, Mohammad A. H., Hamid, R. K.,Masoud, F. K. &Alireza, N. N. (2018). Barriers to support nurses as second victim of
medical errors: A qualitative study. Australasian Medical Journal, 11(12), 556–560. https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3515
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Search the GCU Library and find one new health care article that uses quantitative research. Do not use an article from a previous assignment, or that appears in the Topic Materials or textbook.
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