Acute, Critical, Or Chronic Immune Or Infectious Conditions Essay

Acute, Critical, Or Chronic Immune Or Infectious Conditions Essay

Acute, Critical, Or Chronic Immune Or Infectious Conditions Essay

DQ Question

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of unknown cause that can affect virtually any body organ. It is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory connective tissue disorder that can cause major body organs and systems to fail. Patients with SLE have variable clinical manifestations ranging from mild joint and skin involvement to life-threatening kidney, hematologic, or central nervous system involvement (Fan et al., 2020). Patients with SLE often present with non-specific symptoms like fatigue, fever, and weight loss. SLE is characterized by spontaneous remissions and exacerbations. The onset may be acute or insidious. When lupus is in remission, patients usually appear healthy and have few or no activity limitations. However, when the disease flares, some patients may be ill, requiring critical care unit admission.

SLE should be differentiated from Discoid skin lesions, Erythematous macules, Interstitial lung disease, Leukemia, Leukopenia, Infective Endocarditis, and Lyme Disease. Standard lab tests ordered when SLE is suspected include Complete blood count with differential, Serum creatinine, Urinalysis with microscopy, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, Complement levels, Liver function tests, and Creatine kinase assay (Fan et al., 2020).

The antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine is indicated for all patients with SLE regardless of disease severity because it decreases disease flares and decreases mortality. However, it is not used in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency since it can cause hemolysis (Fava & Petri, 2019). NSAIDs are used in addition to antimalarials for mild disease. Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and antimalarials are used in severe disease. Diet modification depends on the disease activity. A balanced diet is important, but patients with SLE and hyperlipidemia, for example, should be placed on a low-fat diet. Patients with SLE should be educated to avoid triggers for flare. Persons with SLE should avoid ultraviolet light and sun exposure to minimize exacerbation of symptoms from photosensitivity.

References

Fan, Y., Hao, Y. J., & Zhang, Z. L. (2020). Systemic lupus erythematosus: year in review 2019. Chinese medical journal, 133(18), 2189–2196. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000983

Fava, A., & Petri, M. (2019). Systemic lupus erythematosus: Diagnosis and clinical management. Journal of autoimmunity, 96, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2018.11.001

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please answer DQ question in full, minimum 250 words thank you

Choose one of the complex acute, critical, or chronic immune or infectious conditions listed below:

• HIV/AIDS and Related Opportunistic Infections
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Gout
• Pseudo Gout
• Giant Cell Arteritis
• Sexually Transmitted Infections/Diseases
• Immunoglobulin-Related Disease

Discuss each of the following relevant to your selected condition. Support your summary and recommendations plan with a minimum of two APRN-approved scholarly resources.

1. Typical presentation
2. Etiology
3. Common differential diagnosis
4. Typical screening tools (if applicable) and diagnostic work-up
5. Treatment plan, including nutritional interventions
6. Preventative measures
7. Appropriate referrals
8. Geriatric considerations