Identify and discuss the pathophysiology underlying one pediatric urological disorder. Spinal cord injuries carry a high risk of neurogenic bladder and reflex incontinence. Explain the mechanisms responsible for these disorders.
Identify and discuss the pathophysiology underlying one pediatric urological disorder. Spinal cord injuries carry a high risk of neurogenic bladder and reflex incontinence. Explain the mechanisms responsible for these disorders.
Discussion Question
The pediatric population may have various urological disorders. One of the common pediatric urological disorders is vesicoureteral reflux. This is an illness where the urine flows backward from the bladder to a single ureter or both. In some cases, the urine may cause backflow to the kidneys (Läckgren et al., 2021). Even though vesicoureteral reflux is experienced mostly in young children and infants, the majority of the children usually grow without the condition resulting in long-term problems. The pathophysiology of the condition is known. This condition can either be primary or secondary. In the case of the primary, the child is usually born with an abnormal ureter. Therefore it results when the valve between the bladder and the ureter fails to appropriately close, making the urine flow back (Läckgren et al., 2021). The secondary type results when the urethra or bladder neck is narrowed or blocked.
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Spinal cord injuries have a high risk of reflex incontinence and neurogenic bladder. These resultant disorders have been explained using various mechanisms. The neurogenic bladder can either be Areflexia or Hypereflexia. The mechanism can either be through interruption of the Sacral Micturition and Pontine centers or the detrusor muscle Innervation or through the external urethral sphincter’s innervation or Bladder Neck Innervation (Hamid et al., 2021). For example, in the case of suprasacral neurogenic bladder, an injury to the spinal cord between the sacral center and brainstem triggers disinhibited sacral reflexes, internal and/or external sphincters overactivity, and detrusor overactivity and abnormal coordination between the muscles. When a spinal cord injury occurs, it leads to detrusor muscle dysfunction. This leads to abnormal squeezes and contacts, signaling the body to urinate even if the bladder is not full.
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Identify and discuss the pathophysiology underlying one pediatric urological disorder. Spinal cord injuries carry a high risk of neurogenic bladder and reflex incontinence. Explain the mechanisms responsible for these disorders.
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References
Hamid, R., Averbeck, M. A., Chiang, H., Garcia, A., Al Mousa, R. T., Oh, S. J., … & Del Popolo, G. (2018). Epidemiology and pathophysiology of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury. World journal of urology, 36(10), 1517-1527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2301-z.
Läckgren, G., Cooper, C. S., Neveus, T., & Kirsch, A. J. (2021). Management of vesicoureteral reflux: what have we learned over the last 20 years?. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9, 228. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.65032
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Identify and discuss the pathophysiology underlying one pediatric urological disorder.
Spinal cord injuries carry a high risk of neurogenic bladder and reflex incontinence. Explain the mechanisms responsible for these disorders.
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Identify and discuss the pathophysiology underlying one pediatric urological disorder. Spinal cord injuries carry a high risk of neurogenic bladder and reflex incontinence. Explain the mechanisms responsible for these disorders.
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