NUR 600 Discussion 10.1: Musculoskeletal System Diagnoses Essay
NUR 600 Discussion 10.1: Musculoskeletal System Diagnoses Essay
Musculoskeletal System Diagnoses Sample
Musculoskeletal disorders are a group of diseases that affect the bones, muscles, joints, and connective tissues. With more than 57 million visits to doctors’ offices in 2018, back pain was the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease for which people sought medical attention (Urits et al., 2019). This medical condition is identified when there has been lower back discomfort for at least three months. Chronic low back pain in certain people can develop over time into a complicated disorder that involves structural changes to the back as well as ongoing changes to the central nervous system’s anatomy and function.
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Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare hereditary condition of the connective tissues brought on by an anomaly in the production or processing of type I collagen (Tauer et al., 2019). OI sometimes referred to as brittle bone disease, is distinguished by a higher risk of bone fractures as well as a reduction in bone density. Other symptoms include short height, blue sclerae, and adulthood deafness. Milder symptoms include generalized laxity, hernias, easy bruising, and excessive sweating. Clinical signs might be modest with almost no symptoms or quite severe, leading to a higher perinatal death rate.
A physician will typically make a diagnosis of a musculoskeletal problem based on patient history and the findings of a physical examination. There may occasionally be a need for laboratory testing, imaging studies, or other screening tests to help the physician make or confirm a diagnosis. Back discomfort that lasts or recurs for more than three months and is accompanied by considerable functional impairment or emotional distress is classified as a chronic primary pain condition in the IASP chronic pain classification, which was accepted for ICD-11 unless the back pain is better explained by another diagnosis (Pangarkar et al., 2019). In contrast, osteogenesis imperfecta is diagnosed based on radiographic findings, bone biochemistry, bone mineral density (lumbar vertebra), and clinical and family history (Jovanovic et al., 2021). Four key clinical characteristics are typically present in patients, bone loss, increased bone fragility, blue sclera, defective dentine development, and loss of hearing.
References
Jovanovic, M., Guterman-Ram, G., & Marini, J. C. (2021). Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways Connecting Classical and Rare OI Types. Endocrine Reviews, 43(1), 61–90. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnab017
Pangarkar, S. S., Kang, D. G., Sandbrink, F., Bevevino, A., Tillisch, K., Konitzer, L., & Sall, J. (2019). VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline: Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 34(11), 2620–2629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05086-4
Tauer, J. T., Robinson, M.-E., & Rauch, F. (2019). Osteogenesis Imperfecta: New Perspectives From Clinical and Translational Research. JBMR Plus, 3(8), e10174. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10174
Urits, I., Burshtein, A., Sharma, M., Testa, L., Gold, P. A., Orhurhu, V., Viswanath, O., Jones, M. R., Sidransky, M. A., Spektor, B., & Kaye, A. D. (2019). Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-019-0757-1
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Value: 15 points
Category: Discussions, 20%
Discussion Guidelines
Initial Post
Utilizing Chapter 14 of your Goolsby and Grubbs text, select one common diagnosis and one less-common diagnosis for the musculoskeletal system. Describe how you would be able to differentiate them from each other in an exam.
Response Post
Reply to the initial posts of at least two classmates.
Submission
Post your initial and follow up responses and review full grading criteria on the Discussion 10.1: Musculoskeletal System Diagnoses page.
Week 10: The Comprehensive Physical Exam (cont.)—Musculoskeletal and Neurological Systems
Welcome to the tenth week of Advanced Physical Assessment. During this lesson, you will continue to coordinate the comprehensive physical exam. The systems of focus this week are the musculoskeletal and neurological systems. You will learn about recognizing normal anatomical landmarks and then look at different exam techniques. Next, you will practice those musculoskeletal exam techniques on your friend or patient. You will also review proper terminology for identifying and then appropriately documenting those subjective and objective findings. Finally, you will utilize your differential diagnoses book to help you recognize the similarities, yet uniqueness, of diagnoses specific to this week’s systems of focus.
Review a list of all items due this week in your course syllabus.
Lesson 1: The Musculoskeletal and Neurological Systems
During this lesson, you will begin coordinating the comprehensive exam, recognizing anatomical landmarks, looking at different exam techniques, and reviewing proper terminology for objective findings in regard to the musculoskeletal and neurological systems.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Begin the practice of sequencing and coordinating the comprehensive physical exam of the adult patient.
Identify the anatomical landmarks of the human body of the musculoskeletal and neurological systems.
Correlate examination techniques of the musculoskeletal and neurological systems using the correct sequence and anatomical landmarks in an adult patient.
Use correct terminology to record objective components of the physical examination findings.
Before attempting to complete your learning activities for this week, review the following learning materials:
Learning Materials
Read the following in your Bates’ Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking textbook:
Chapter 23, “Musculoskeletal System”
These readings will help you perform a musculoskeletal assessment, recognize pertinent positives and negatives related to that system, and also document appropriately.