NSG 604 Module VI: Discussion 1 Wilkes University

Discussion

I learned several things about genetics and its applications to clinical practice from Maria’s case study. One of the things I learned is that genetics play a crucial role in the development of diseases. Changes in specific regions of the genes predispose individuals to developing health problems such as cancer and hemophilia. I also learned about the patterns that contribute to the inheritability of gene-associated diseases. For example, an individual born to a family with a history of inheritable condition such as breast cancer has an elevated risk of developing the disease as compared to those without such a history (Dagan et al., 2021; Tonkin et al., 2020). The case study also broadened my understanding of the differences between genetics and genomics. Initially, I considered both terms to carry similar meaning. However, I learned from the case study about the differences between the two and their applications to nursing and healthcare practice.

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            I also learned abut the application of genetics to clinical practice. One of them is the use of knowledge in genetics on genetic counseling. Healthcare providers provide care to individuals and families from different backgrounds. As a result, it is important for them to assess these individuals and families for risks of inheritable conditions such as cancer and sickle cell disease. The assessment facilitates the development of appropriate care plans for the affected patients and those at risk. I will use this new information in my future role to assess and counsel patients about the different genetic conditions. I will also use the knowledge to help families to make informed decisions about their health needs following a diagnosis with a genetic problem. A DNP-prepared nurse is involved in generating knowledge for use in nursing practice (Fu et al., 2020; White et al., 2020). Therefore, I will use the new knowledge to explore further how to improve the care outcomes for different populations through research.

References

Dagan, E., Amit, Y., Sokolov, L., Litvak, P., & Barnoy, S. (2021). Integrating Genomic Professional Skills Into Nursing Practice: Results From a Large Cohort of Israeli Nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 53(6), 753–761. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12686

Fu, M. R., Kurnat-Thoma, E., Starkweather, A., Henderson, W. A., Cashion, A. K., Williams, J. K., Katapodi, M. C., Reuter-Rice, K., Hickey, K. T., Barcelona de Mendoza, V., Calzone, K., Conley, Y. P., Anderson, C. M., Lyon, D. E., Weaver, M. T., Shiao, P. K., Constantino, R. E., Wung, S.-F., Hammer, M. J., … Coleman, B. (2020). Precision health: A nursing perspective. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7(1), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.12.008

Tonkin, E., Calzone, K. A., Badzek, L., Benjamin, C., Middleton, A., Patch, C., & Kirk, M. (2020). A Roadmap for Global Acceleration of Genomics Integration Across Nursing. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52(3), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12552

White, S., Jacobs, C., & Phillips, J. (2020). Mainstreaming genetics and genomics: A systematic review of the barriers and facilitators for nurses and physicians in secondary and tertiary care. Genetics in Medicine, 22(7), 1149–1155. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41436-020-0785-6

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Please complete the case study on Maria at the following link: https://www.genomicscases.net/en  
 â€¨Discuss new information that you learned about genetics and application to clinical practice from the case study. How will this new information prepare you in your role as a DNP?

Post your initial response by Wednesday at 11:59 PM EST. Respond to two students by Saturday at 11:59 PM EST. The initial discussion post and discussion responses occur on three different calendar days of each electronic week. All responses should be a minimum of 300 words, scholarly written, APA formatted (with some exceptions due to limitations in the D2L editor), and referenced.  A minimum of 2 references are required (other than the course textbook). These are not the complete guidelines for participating in discussions. Please refer to the Grading Rubric for Online Discussion found in the Course Resources module.

Introduction

Genetic and genomic science is impacting nursing care. Advances in science have uncovered that mostly all diseases and conditions have genetic or genomic roots. Application of these principles is critical in all aspects of clinical practice and academic preparation for the DNP and will be reviewed in this module.

Also included in this module is a discussion on infection control and its relationship to clinical epidemiology. Infection control as a specialty for nurses began in the 1960s. In 1970, only 10% of hospitals had Infection Control Practitioner (ICP) and only 10% had policies on intravenous line and ventilator circuit changes. It wasn’t until the 1980s that hospitals began actively employing ICPs. Components of infection control programs at that time included surveillance and analysis of nosocomial infections and development and implementation of prevention and control measures; these remain in place today.

Although pioneers, including Semmelweis, Nightingale, and Farr, identified the need for such programs in healthcare, hospital epidemiology programs did not appear until the mid-1900s. Epidemics of staphylococcal infections in a variety of patients were the major reason for the development of hospital epidemiology as a discipline. Over the years, the Joint Commission (JC) has implemented infection control standards and the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OHSA) has published documents on blood-borne pathogen protection.

Infection control has advanced and developed as a specialty. The Association for Professionals in Infection Control (APIC) is the professional organization that provides a certification examination for ICPs. The American Journal of Infection Control is its official publication.

Objectives

Upon completion of this module the student will be able to:

• Differentiate genetics and genomics.
• Discuss the application of genetic science with disease management.
• Complete a family health history.

Definitions

Since 2003 with the completion of the Human Genome Project, scientists have been able to isolate human DNA and identify specific genes that cause disease and impact health promotion, prevention and treatment. Before continuing on the theory for genetics and genomics it is important to clarify a few associated definitions:

• Genetics: study of heredity and transmission of inherited variations
• Genomes: genetic component of an organism
• Genomics: study of the structure of genomes/genes and how they interact with each other, as influenced by environmental, cultural and psychosocial variables.
  • See this fact sheet about the difference between genetics and genomics  Genetics vs. Genomics Fact Sheet (genome.gov)
• Pedigree: a graph of a family health history using standard symbols

Genetics, Genomics and the Family History

Family health histories are important to gather to determine the degree of risk to 3 generations of family members. Sharing the same genes and environments can expose patients to chronic diseases. Health promotion and prevention activities are developed based upon the risk factors. It is difficult for patients to have knowledge of all family members and their health. The following websites provide some tools that can be utilized by family members in planning processes for detecting family health histories:

• http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/
• https://www.hhs.gov/programs/prevention-and-wellness/family-health-history/index.html

Welcome to week 11

Readings

• Merrill Chapter 11 (pg. 239)
• Manolio, T., Rowley, R., Williams, M., Roden, D., Ginsburg, G., Bult, C., Chisholm, R., Deverka, P., McLeod, H., Mensah, G., Relling, M., Rodriquez, L., Tamburro, C., and Green, E. (2019). Opportunities, resources, and techniques for implementing genomics in clinical care. The Lancet(394)10197, 511-520.   Implementing genomics into clinical care article
• Genetic Epidemiology (genome.gov)
• Genomics and precision health

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Discussions

Module XI
Discussion 1	Please complete the case study on Maria at the following link: https://www.genomicscases.net/en  
 Discuss new information that you learned about genetics and its application to clinical practice from the case study. How will this new information assist you in your future role after completing your DNP degree? Module XI: Discussion 1
Assignment	Module XI: Comprehensive Application of Epidemiology
	Post your initial response by Wednesday at 11:59 PM EST. Respond to two students by Saturday at 11:59 PM EST. The initial discussion post and discussion responses occur on three different calendar days of each electronic week. All responses should be a minimum of 300 words, scholarly written, APA formatted (with some exceptions due to limitations in the D2L editor), and referenced.  A minimum of 2 references are required (other than the course textbook). These are not the complete guidelines for participating in discussions. Please refer to the Grading Rubric for Online Discussion found in the Course Resources module. Special Guidance on APA formatting in Discussion Posts APA formatting is required in discussion posts with the following two exceptions (due to limitations with the text editor in LIVE):  double line space and indent 1/2 inch from the left margin. Discussion posts will NOT be evaluated on those two formatting requirements. All other APA formatting guidelines should be followed. For example, in-text citations must be formatted with the appropriate information and in the correct sequence (Author, year), reference list entries must include all appropriate information following guidelines for capitalization, italics, and be in the correct sequence. Refer to the APA Publication Manual 7th ed. for each source type’s specific requirements. Please let your instructor know if you have any questions.