NRNP_6665 Across The Lifespan Week 2 Discussion

NRNP_6665 Across The Lifespan Week 2 Discussion

Week 2 Discussion

Ethics and legal considerations guide the care that psychiatric mental health nurses provide to their patients. The aim is to ensure the protection of patients’ rights and advancing care outcomes such as safety and quality in psychiatric practice. Practitioners rely on source of evidence-based data to make informed decisions about appropriate care interventions for their patients. Therefore, this paper explores the legal and ethical considerations associated with informed consent and assent and capacity in adults and children populations.

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The Selected Topic

The selected topic for analysis is informed consent and assent and capacity among adults, children and or adolescents. Informed consent and assent are legal and ethical documents that demonstrate the independence of decision making by patients in the clinical practice. They demonstrate the patient’s understanding of the benefits, risks, and processes of an intervention or investigation in clinical practice. Children and adolescents should provide informed assent through their parents or guardians while adults provide informed consent.

Summary of the Selected Articles

The selected articles for the project include those by Gerke et al., (2023), Kalina (2020), Navin and Wasserman (2019) and Spriggs (2023). The study by Navin and Wasserman (2019) examined the ethics and legal issues related to capacity for assent among pediatrics in clinical practice. Spriggs (2023) investigated the ethics of informed assent and consent in research and medical practice involving children. Kalina (2020) examined ethics and legal issues involved in adult informed consent. Gerke et al., (2023) focused on the ethical issues involved in seeking informed consent before enrolling patients in psychotherapy treatments.

Salient Ethical and Legal Issues

The articles inform the legal and ethical issues surrounding informed assent and consent in adult, children, and adolescent populations. According to Navin and Wasserman (2019), informed assent considers what is appropriate for children or adolescents according to their developmental stage. The assent comprises several elements. They include helping patients to have developmentally appropriate awareness about their condition, informing them about what to expect, assessing their understanding, and soliciting for their expression of willingness to embrace the proposed care. In seeking informed assessment, practitioners must balance between parental permission and children’s preferences. The legal recommendations are that children lack the autonomy to make informed decisions, hence, the need for a person to represent their interests. However, there is the exception that informed assent is not burdened with the standards used in informed consent (Spriggs, 2023).

The acquisition of informed consent from the adult patients recognize that patients must be provided with all the information about an intervention for them to make informed decisions. The ethical and legal considerations require that extensive information be offered for psychiatric patients to make informed decisions at the start and throughout the treatment period. The benefits of such considerations include patient empowerment and facilitates shared decision-making in the treatment process (Gerke et al., 2023). Practitioners should assess the patient’s capacity to provide and make informed decisions. This includes the determination of limiting factors such as altered mental status, inability to communicate and comprehend information, and weigh alternatives (Kalina, 2020). Therefore, it is the legal responsibility of the practitioners to determine the capacity of their patients to provide informed consent before treatment initiation.

Application to my Clinical Practice and Implications

The concepts of informed assent and consent are applicable to my clinical practice. I must obtain informed assent and consent from patients before initiating any treatment. The document demonstrates the autonomous role that patients play in the treatment process. It also eliminates potential ethical and legal issues that may arise in the care provision process (Gerke et al., 2023; Kalina, 2020). The implication of this information is that nurse practitioners must demonstrate competencies in adopting practices that align with their state laws on issues of informed consent and assent.

Conclusion

In summary, informed consent, assent, and capacity are concepts associated with legal and ethical issues in psychiatry. Practitioners must implement decisions that recognize independence in patient’s decision-making. Capacity to make informed decisions should be assessed. The concepts are applicable to my practice, as they influence they use of different treatment modalities to promote patient’s health.

References

Gerke, L., Meyrose, A.-K., & Nestoriuc, Y. (2023). Informed consent for psychotherapy: Ethical illusion or clinical reality? A survey about psychotherapists’ attitudes and practices in Germany. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 30(1), 166–178. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2790

Kalina, P. (2020). Ethical and Legal Manifestations of Informed Consent. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 8, 753.

Navin, M. C., & Wasserman, J. A. (2019). Capacity for Preferences and Pediatric Assent: Implications for Pediatric Practice. Hastings Center Report, 49(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.980

Spriggs, M. (2023). Children and bioethics: Clarifying consent and assent in medical and research settings. British Medical Bulletin, ldac038. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldac038

NRNP_6665 Across The Lifespan Week 2 Discussion

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This is a graded discussion: 100 points possible

due Mar 8

Week 2: Discussion

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ETHICAL AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF PMHNP CARE

Advanced practice nursing in all specialties is guided by codes of ethics that put the care, rights, duty, health, and safety of the patient first and foremost. PMHNP practice is also guided by ethical codes specifically for psychiatry. These ethical codes are frameworks to guide clinical decision making; they are generally not prescriptive. They also represent the aspirational ideals for the profession. Laws, on the other hand, dictate the requirements that must be followed. In this way, legal codes may be thought to represent the minimum standards of care, and ethics represent the highest goals for care.

For this Discussion, you select a topic that has both legal and ethical implications for PMHNP practice and then perform a literature review on the topic. Your goal will be to identify the most salient legal and ethical facets of the issue for PMHNP practice, and also how these facets differ in the care of adult patients versus children. Keep in mind as you research your issue, that laws differ by state and your clinical practice will be dictated by the laws that govern your state.

RESOURCES

 

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCES

TO PREPARE

• Select one of the following ethical/legal topics:
  • Autonomy
  • Beneficence
  • Justice
  • Fidelity
  • Veracity
  • Involuntary hospitalization and due process of civil commitment
  • Informed assent/consent and capacity
  • Duty to warn
  • Restraints
  • HIPPA
  • Child and elder abuse reporting
  • Tort law
  • Negligence/malpractice
• In the Walden library, locate a total of four scholarly, professional, or legal resources related to this topic. One should address ethical considerations related to this topic for adults, one should be on ethical considerations related to this topic for children/adolescents, one should be on legal considerations related to this topic for adults, and one should be on legal considerations related to this topic for children/adolescents.

BY DAY 3 OF WEEK 2

Briefly identify the topic you selected. Then, summarize the articles you selected, explaining the most salient ethical and legal issues related to the topic as they concern psychiatric-mental health practice for children/adolescents and for adults. Explain how this information could apply to your clinical practice, including specific implications for practice within your state. Attach the PDFs of your articles.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 2

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days by sharing cultural considerations that may impact the legal or ethical issues present in their articles.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the Reply button to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Post Reply, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Post Reply!

 

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Rubric

NRNP_6665_Week2_Discussion_Rubric

NRNP_6665_Week2_Discussion_Rubric

Criteria	Ratings	Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeMain Posting:Response to the Discussion question is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.	44 to >39.0 ptsExcellent Thoroughly responds to the Discussion question(s)… Is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources… No less than 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth… Supported by at least three current credible sources 39 to >34.0 ptsGood Responds to most of the Discussion question(s)… Is somewhat reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module… 50% of the post has exceptional depth and breadth… Supported by at least three credible references 34 to >30.0 ptsFair Responds to some of the Discussion question(s)… One to two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed… Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis… Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module… Post is supported by fewer than two credible references 30 to >0 ptsPoor Does not respond to the Discussion question(s)… Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria… Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis… Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module… Contains only one or no credible references	44 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeMain Posting:Writing	6 to >5.0 ptsExcellent Written clearly and concisely… Contains no grammatical or spelling errors… Adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style 5 to >4.0 ptsGood Written concisely… May contain one to two grammatical or spelling errors… Adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style with minor errors 4 to >3.0 ptsFair Written somewhat concisely… May contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors… Contains some APA formatting errors 3 to >0 ptsPoor Not written clearly or concisely… Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors… Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style	6 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeMain Posting:Timely and full participation	10 to >8.0 ptsExcellent Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation… Posts main Discussion by due date 8 to >7.0 ptsGood Posts main Discussion by due date… Meets requirements for full participation 7 to >6.0 ptsFair Posts main Discussion by due date 6 to >0 ptsPoor Does not meet requirements for full participation… Does not post main Discussion by due date	10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeFirst Response:Post to colleague’s main post that is reflective and justified with credible sources	9 to >8.0 ptsExcellent Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings… Responds to questions posed by faculty… The use of scholarly sources to support ideas demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. 8 to >7.0 ptsGood Response has some depth and may exhibit critical thinking or application to practice setting. 7 to >6.0 ptsFair Response is on topic, may have some depth. 6 to >0 ptsPoor Response may not be on topic, lacks depth.	9 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeFirst Response:Writing	6 to >5.0 ptsExcellent Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues…. Response to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed…. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources… Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 5 to >4.0 ptsGood Communication is mostly professional and respectful to colleagues…. Response to faculty questions are mostly answered, if posed…. Provides opinions and ideas that are supported by few credible sources… Response is written in standard, edited English. 4 to >3.0 ptsFair Response posted in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication…. Response to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed…. Few or no credible sources are cited. 3 to >0 ptsPoor Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective communication…. Responses to faculty questions are missing…. No credible sources are cited.	6 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeFirst Response:Timely and full participation	5 to >4.0 ptsExcellent Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation… Posts by due date 4 to >3.0 ptsGood Meets requirements for full participation… Posts by due date… 3 to >2.0 ptsFair Posts by due date 2 to >0 ptsPoor Does not meet requirements for full participation… Does not post by due date	5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSecond Response:Post to colleague’s main post that is reflective and justified with credible sources	9 to >8.0 ptsExcellent Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings…. Responds to questions posed by faculty… The use of scholarly sources to support ideas demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. 8 to >7.0 ptsGood Response has some depth and may exhibit critical thinking or application to practice setting. 7 to >6.0 ptsFair Response is on topic, may have some depth. 6 to >0 ptsPoor Response may not be on topic, lacks depth.	9 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSecond Response:Writing	6 to >5.0 ptsExcellent Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues…. Response to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed…. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources… Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 5 to >4.0 ptsGood Communication is mostly professional and respectful to colleagues…. Response to faculty questions are mostly answered, if posed…. Provides opinions and ideas that are supported by few credible sources… Response is written in standard, edited English. 4 to >3.0 ptsFair Response posed in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication…. Response to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed…. Few or no credible sources are cited. 3 to >0 ptsPoor Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective communication…. Responses to faculty questions are missing…. No credible sources are cited.	6 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSecond Response:Timely and full participation	5 to >4.0 ptsExcellent Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation… Posts by due date 4 to >3.0 ptsGood Meets requirements for full participation… Posts by due date 3 to >2.0 ptsFair Posts by due date 2 to >0 ptsPoor Does not meet requirements for full participation… Does not post by due date	5 pts
Total Points: 100 LEARNING RESOURCES Required Readings American Nurses Association. (2015). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statementsLinks to an external site.. https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/ethics/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/coe-view-only/Links to an external site. American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and diagnostic formulationLinks to an external site.. http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/Links to an external site. American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2014). Code of ethicsLinks to an external site.. https://www.aacap.org/App_Themes/AACAP/docs/about_us/transparency_portal/aacap_code_of_ethics_2012.pdfLinks to an external site. American Psychiatric Nurses Association. (2020). APRN psychiatric-mental health nursing practiceLinks to an external site.. https://www.apna.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageID=3846Links to an external site. Anderson, S. L. (2012).Practice parameter on gay, lesbian, or bisexual sexual orientation, gender nonconformity, and gender discordance in children and adolescentsLinks to an external site.. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(9). 957–974. https://www.jaacap.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0890-8567%2812%2900500-XLinks to an external site. Hilt, R. J., & Nussbaum, A. M. (2016). DSM-5 pocket guide for child and adolescent mental healthLinks to an external site.. American Psychiatric Association Publishing. Chapter 2, “Addressing Behavioral and Mental Problems in Community Settings”Links to an external site. Thapar, A., Pine, D. S., Leckman, J. F., Scott, S., Snowling, M. J., & Taylor, E. A. (2015). Rutter’s child and adolescent psychiatry (6th ed.). Wiley Blackwell. Chapter 19, “Legal Issues in the Care and Treatment of Children with Mental Health Problems” Zakhari, R. (2020). The psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner certification review manual. Springer. Chapter 1, “Preparing to Pass the Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Certification Exam” Need the reference in pdf pls