Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mr. C. Case Study Assignment

Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mr. C. Case Study Assignment

Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mr. C. Case Study Assignment

Case Study: Mr. C.

Mr. C, a 32-year-old man in the case study, is seeking additional information to assist him to make a well-informed decision about getting bariatric surgery to manage his obesity. If the patient does not take the necessary steps to manage his body weight, he is at high risk for developing metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease, among other comorbidities. Given that the client’s stomach can only hold a tiny quantity of food at a time, research indicates that bariatric surgery helps control the patient’s current weight (Aryannezhad et al., 2021). To improve Mr. C’s health, this paper will assess his medical history and recommend the necessary supportive care and research-based interventions.

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Clinical Manifestations of Mr. C.

The patient displays signs and symptoms of illnesses linked to his overweight. The client is at significant risk for developing a metabolic disorder even though he does not meet the criteria for a diagnosis for one. He claims to have put on roughly 100 pounds in the previous two to three years. He has developed increasing breathlessness with exertion, edematous ankles, and pruritus over the preceding six months. His vital signs also reveal increased heart and respiration rates, as well as elevated blood pressure. The patient also complains of high blood pressure, which he has been managing by limiting sodium consumption and sleep apnea, which may be brought on by the extra fat in his neck (Aryannezhad et al., 2021). Physical examination indicates bilateral ankle and foot edema. The results of the tests reveal very low levels of optimal HDL, high levels of FBS, elevated concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides, high levels of creatinine levels, and elevated levels of BUN.

Potential Health Risks for Obesity and Bariatric Surgery

            The primary causes of Mr. C’s obesity are metabolic, respiratory, and cardiovascular problems. The client’s risk of developing obesity-related health issues like high blood pressure, diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypercholesterolemia, sleep apnea, and chronic kidney disease is thereby enhanced (Zorena et al., 2020). Yet, bariatric surgery enables the patient to shed extra pounds while still eating a balanced diet. Prior studies have demonstrated the high success rate of bariatric surgery, with most individuals achieving their ideal body weight in just a few months and avoiding associated morbidities. To increase the effectiveness of bariatric surgical therapy, lifestyle modifications such as better eating habits and physical activity are also suggested.

Functional Health Patterns

The functional health patterns of this patient must be evaluated before choosing the type of lifestyle modification and intervention to recommend. It will be necessary to assess his sense of self, metabolic function, stress tolerance, self-care routines, and sleep-wake cycle (Park et al., 2020). According to the information given, the patient fully understands how his obesity may affect his health and is thinking about having bariatric surgery to help him avoid any potential negative effects and improve his health. He has gained about 100 pounds in the past two years as a result of his sedentary lifestyle, poor food, and lack of exercise. Also, the provided lab results show higher cholesterol levels, which may be related to a calorie-rich diet. He complains of having trouble breathing after effort, which suggests a problem with his respiratory system. The patient needs to make modifications to their way of life to encourage physical activity and heart-healthy diets.

End-Stage Renal Disease Staging and Contributing Factors (ESRD)

            Depending on how well the patient’s kidneys can function, the renal disease has been divided into five stages. To assess the stage of renal disease in a patient, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is frequently utilized. A GFR of fewer than 15 mL per minute, or less than 10 percent of normal kidney function, is common in patients with end-stage renal disease (Lamprea-Montealegre et al., 2021). Type 2 diabetes, advanced age, cardiovascular disease, low hemoglobin levels, and lack of health literacy are some of the most common risk factors for ESRD.

Opportunities for Health Promotion and Prevention for ESRD

            As there is no known medication that can treat ESRD, management of the underlying issues is the major goal of treatment. Yet, surgical interventions like dialysis and kidney transplantation have massively improved the condition’s prognosis, enhancing patient health and quality of life and reducing mortality rates (Lamprea-Montealegre et al., 2021). Education of the patient regarding appropriate lifestyle changes, such as eating right and exercising, that can help improve their physical as well as mental functioning is also essential.

Resources for ESRD Patients for Nonacute Care and Multidisciplinary Approach

Given the difficulties in comprehending and controlling ESRD, several solutions are available to enhance health and assist those who are affected by the condition. The majority of American towns have ESRD support groups, which encourage support even for those who are still coping with the condition (such as sticking to their weekly exercise and diet regimens) (Provenzano et al., 2018). On the internet, several healthcare organizations provide current information on how to diagnose, treat, and prevent ESRD. Examples of these online tools include the DASH Diet Eating Plan, American Dietetic Association, the Renal Support Network (RSN) website, the USDA Nutrition Database, and FitDay.

Conclusion

The patient in the case study is at risk for metabolic disorders, high blood pressure, diabetes, and renal illness as a result of his increasing weight. Yet, thinking about bariatric surgery while making healthy lifestyle adjustments can assist people in achieving their ideal body weight and averting these problems. Online resources are available to help patients keep track of their dietary choices and exercise routines.

References

Aryannezhad, S., Hosseinpanah, F., Khalaj, A., Mahdavi, M., Valizadeh, M., Akhavirad, S. M. B., & Barzin, M. (2021). Comparison of the one-year outcomes of bariatric surgery in adolescents and young adults: a matched case–control study, Tehran Obesity Treatment Study (TOTS). Surgery Today, 51(11), 1764–1774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-021-02281-x

Lamprea-Montealegre, J. A., Shlipak, M. G., & Estrella, M. M. (2021). Chronic kidney disease detection, staging, and treatment in cardiovascular disease prevention. Heart, 107(16), 1282–1288. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318004

Park, J. H., Moon, J. H., Kim, H. J., Kong, M. H., & Oh, Y. H. (2020). Sedentary Lifestyle: Overview of Updated Evidence of Potential Health Risks. Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 41(6), 365–373. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0165

Provenzano, M., Chiodini, P., Minutolo, R., Zoccali, C., Bellizzi, V., Conte, G., Locatelli, F., Tripepi, G., Del Vecchio, L., Mallamaci, F., Di Micco, L., Russo, D., Heerspink, H. J. L., & De Nicola, L. (2018). Reclassification of chronic kidney disease patients for end-stage renal disease risk by proteinuria indexed to estimated glomerular filtration rate: a multicentre prospective study in nephrology clinics. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfy217

Zorena, K., Jachimowicz-Duda, O., Ślęzak, D., Robakowska, M., & Mrugacz, M. (2020). Adipokines and Obesity. Potential Link to Metabolic Disorders and Chronic Complications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(10), 3570. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103570

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Assessment Description

It is necessary for an RN-BSN-prepared nurse to demonstrate an enhanced understanding of the pathophysiological processes of disease, the clinical manifestations and treatment protocols, and how they affect clients across the life span.

Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mr. C., presented below.

Based on this information, formulate a conclusion based on your evaluation, and complete the Critical Thinking Essay assignment, as instructed below.

Health History and Medical Information

Health History

Mr. C., a 32-year-old single male, is seeking information at the outpatient center regarding possible bariatric surgery for his obesity. He currently works at a catalog telephone center. He reports that he has always been heavy, even as a small child, gaining approximately 100 pounds in the last 2-3 years. Previous medical evaluations have not indicated any metabolic diseases, but he says he has sleep apnea and high blood pressure, which he tries to control by restricting dietary sodium. Mr. C. reports increasing shortness of breath with activity, swollen ankles, and pruritus over the last 6 months.

Objective Data:

Height: 68 inches; weight 134.5 kg

BP: 172/98, HR 88, RR 26

3+ pitting edema bilateral feet and ankles

Fasting blood glucose: 146 mg/dL

Total cholesterol: 250 mg/dL

Triglycerides: 312 mg/dL

HDL: 30 mg/dL

Serum creatinine 1.8 mg/dL

BUN 32 mg/dl

Critical Thinking Essay

In 750-1,000 words, critically evaluate Mr. C.’s potential diagnosis and intervention(s). Include the following:

Describe the subjective and objective clinical manifestations present in Mr. C.

Describe the potential health risks for obesity that are of concern for Mr. C. Explain whether bariatric surgery is an appropriate intervention.

Assess each of Mr. C.’s functional health patterns using the information given. Discuss at least five actual or potential problems you can identify from the functional health patterns and provide the rationale for each. (Functional health patterns include health-perception, health-management, nutritional, metabolic, elimination, activity-exercise, sleep-rest, cognitive-perceptual, self-perception/self-concept, role-relationship, sexuality/reproductive, coping-stress tolerance.)

Explain the stages of renal disease that leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). What factors contributed to Mr. C’s ESRD?

Consider ESRD prevention and health promotion opportunities. Describe what type of patient education for ESRD should be provided to Mr. C. for prevention of future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status.

Explain the type of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care and the type of multidisciplinary approach that would be beneficial for these patients. Include aspects such as devices, transportation, living conditions, return-to-employment issues.

You are required to cite a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

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Rubric Criteria

Total

120 points

Criterion

1. Unsatisfactory

2. Insufficient

3. Approaching

4. Acceptable

5. Target

Resources for ESRD Patients for Nonacute Care and Multidisciplinary Approach

Explanation of the types of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care, and the benefit of a multidisciplinary approach including aspects such as devices, transportation, living conditions, return-to-employment issues.

0 points

Explanation of the types of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care, and/or the benefit of a multidisciplinary approach including aspects such as devices, transportation, living conditions, return-to-employment issues are omitted.

13.5 points

Explanation of the types of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care, and/or the benefit of a multidisciplinary approach including aspects such as devices, transportation, living conditions, return-to-employment issues are present, but lack detail or are incomplete.

14.22 points

Explanation of the types of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care, and the benefit of a multidisciplinary approach including aspects such as devices, transportation, living conditions, return-to-employment issues are present.

16.02 points

Explanation of the types of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care, and the benefit of a multidisciplinary approach including aspects such as devices, transportation, living conditions, return-to-employment issues are detailed.

18 points

Explanation of the types of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care, and the benefit of a multidisciplinary approach including aspects such as devices, transportation, living conditions, return-to-employment issues is thorough.

Clinical Manifestations of Mr. C.

Detail of subjective and objective clinical manifestations.

0 points

Subjective and objective clinical manifestations are omitted.

9 points

Subjective and objective clinical manifestations are present but lack detail or are incomplete.

9.48 points

Subjective and objective clinical manifestations are present.

10.68 points

Subjective and objective clinical manifestations are detailed.

12 points

Subjective and objective clinical manifestations are thorough.

Staging and Contributing Factors of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

Explanation of the stages of renal disease that lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and what factors contributed to the patient’s ESRD.

0 points

Explanation of the stages of renal disease that lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and/or what factors contributed to the patient’s ESRD are omitted.

9 points

Explanation of the stages of renal disease that lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and/or what factors contributed to the patient’s ESRD are present, but lack detail or are incomplete.

9.48 points

Explanation of the stages of renal disease that lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and what factors contributed to the patient’s ESRD are present.

10.68 points

Explanation of the stages of renal disease that lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and what factors contributed to the patient’s ESRD are detailed.

12 points

Explanation of the stages of renal disease that lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and what factors contributed to the patient’s ESRD are thorough.

Health Promotion and Prevention Opportunities for ESRD

Description of patient education for the prevention and health promotion opportunities for ESRD, including preventing future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status.

0 points

Description of patient education for the prevention and health promotion opportunities for ESRD, including preventing future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status is omitted.

18 points

Description of patient education for the prevention and health promotion opportunities for ESRD, including preventing future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status is present, but lack detail or are incomplete.

18.96 points

Description of patient education for the prevention and health promotion opportunities for ESRD, including preventing future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status is present.

21.36 points

Description of patient education for the prevention and health promotion opportunities for ESRD, including preventing future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status is detailed.

24 points

Description of patient education for the prevention and health promotion opportunities for ESRD, including preventing future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status is thorough.

Development, Structure, and Conclusion

Advances position or purpose throughout writing; conclusion aligns to and evolves from development.

0 points

No advancement of the thesis, position, or purpose is evident. Connections between paragraphs are missing or inappropriate. No conclusion is offered.

4.5 points

Writing lacks logical progression of the thesis, position, or purpose. Some organization is attempted, but ideas are disconnected. Conclusion is unclear and not supported by the overall development of the purpose.

4.74 points

Limited advancement of thesis, position, or purpose is discernable. There are inconsistencies in organization or the relationship of ideas. Conclusion is simplistic and not fully aligned to the development of the purpose.

5.34 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is advanced in most aspects. Ideas clearly build on each other. Conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.

6 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is logically advanced throughout. The progression of ideas is coherent and unified. A clear and logical conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.

Format/Documentation

Uses appropriate style, such as APA, MLA, etc., for college, subject, and level; documents sources using citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., appropriate to assignment and discipline.

0 points

Appropriate format is not used. No documentation of sources is provided.

1.8 points

Appropriate format is attempted, but some elements are missing. Frequent errors in documentation of sources are evident.

1.9 points

Appropriate format and documentation are used, although there are some obvious errors.

2.14 points

Appropriate format and documentation are used with only minor errors.

2.4 points

No errors in formatting or documentation are present.

Functional Health Patterns

Discussion of at least five actual or potential problems identified from the functional health patterns assessment, and rationale for each.

0 points

Discussion of at least five actual or potential problems identified from the functional health patterns assessment and/or rationale are omitted.

13.5 points

Discussion of at least five actual or potential problems identified from the functional health patterns assessment and/or rationale are present, but lack detail or are incomplete.

14.22 points

Discussion of at least five actual or potential problems identified from the functional health patterns assessment, rationale for each are present.

16.02 points

Discussion of at least five actual or potential problems identified from the functional health patterns assessment and rationale for each are detailed.

18 points

Discussion of at least five actual or potential problems identified from the functional health patterns assessment and rationale for each are thorough.

Evidence

Selects and integrates evidence to support and advance position/purpose; considers other perspectives.

0 points

Evidence to support the thesis, position, or purpose is absent. The writing relies entirely on the perspective of the writer.

4.5 points

Evidence is limited or irrelevant. The interpretation of other perspectives is superficial or incorrect.

4.74 points

Evidence is used but is insufficient or of limited relevance. Simplistic explanation or integration of other perspectives is present.

5.34 points

Relevant evidence that includes other perspectives is used.

6 points

Specific and appropriate evidence is included. Relevant perspectives of others are clearly considered.

Mechanics of Writing

Includes spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, language use, sentence structure, etc.

0 points

Errors in grammar or syntax are pervasive and impede meaning. Incorrect language choice or sentence structure errors are found throughout.

2.7 points

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors are present. Inconsistencies in language choice or sentence structure are recurrent.

2.84 points

Occasional mechanical errors are present. Language choice is generally appropriate. Varied sentence structure is attempted.

3.2 points

Few mechanical errors are present. Suitable language choice and sentence structure are used.

3.6 points

No mechanical errors are present. Appropriate language choice and sentence structure are used throughout.

Thesis, Position, or Purpose

Communicates reason for writing and demonstrates awareness of audience.

0 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is not discernible. No awareness of the appropriate audience is evident.

4.5 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is unfocused or confused. There is very little awareness of the intended audience.

4.74 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is discernable in most aspects but is occasionally weak or unclear. There is limited awareness of the appropriate audience.

5.34 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is adequately presented. An awareness of the appropriate audience is demonstrated.

6 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is clearly communicated throughout and clearly directed to a specific audience.

Potential Health Risks for Obesity and Bariatric Surgery

Discussion of the potential health risks for obesity and the appropriateness of bariatric surgery as an intervention.

0 points

Discussion of the potential health risks for obesity and/or the appropriateness of bariatric surgery as an intervention are omitted.

9 points

Discussion of the potential health risks for obesity and/or the appropriateness of bariatric surgery as an intervention are present but lack detail or are incomplete.

9.48 points

Discussion of the potential health risks for obesity and the appropriateness of bariatric surgery as an intervention are present.

10.68 points

Discussion of the potential health risks for obesity and the appropriateness of bariatric surgery as an intervention are detailed.

12 points

Discussion of the potential health risks for obesity and the appropriateness of bariatric surgery as an intervention are thorough.