Assignment; Factors that Influence the Development of Psychopathology Essay

Assignment; Factors that Influence the Development of Psychopathology Essay

Assignment; Factors that Influence the Development of Psychopathology Essay

Assignment; Factors that Influence the Development of Psychopathology Essay

Karl Jaspers first introduced the concept of “psychopathology” in 1913 when he published the book “General Psychopathology” (Kalin, 2020). It is the investigation of mental illnesses. The emergence of psychopathology has been linked to several elements, including those that are biological, psychological, sociocultural, and interpersonal factors. This discussion illustrates how these factors influence psychopathology development.

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Beginning with biological factors, neuropsychology, molecular genetics,  and neuroanatomy have made significant contributions to advancing experimental and epidemiological psychology into a multidisciplinary effort aimed at producing a new understanding of various psychological disorders (Kalin, 2020). Psychological theories such as those of Freud, Beck, and Seligman, as well as reinforcement theories, have provided new insights into the culturally diverse population behaviors and brain mechanisms that are critical in developing the appropriate psychotherapy treatment (Butcher & Kendall, 2018). From a neurological perspective, the etiology of mental diseases is linked to physical abnormalities of the brain or changes in the concentrations of neurotransmitters in the CNS like dopamine and serotonin.

Psychological factors also have a role in psychopathology. These elements may manifest as a result of experiences including abuse, parental abandonment, and neglect as children (Smith et al., 2020). While diagnosing a variety of mental diseases, such as depression and anxiety, psychological patterns also support a better comprehension of the patient’s cognitive processes. Moreover, neurocognitive and cognitive elements including coping strategies, personality, and behavior of individuals are linked to either the improvement or worsening of mental health issues.

Finally, interpersonal, societal, and cultural factors also have an impact on how psychopathology develops. Past research has shown that an individual’s surroundings and social life can have an impact on their emotional, behavioral, and cognitive capacities during early life development (Moleiro, 2018). For instance, if drinking and gambling dominate a person’s social life, they may eventually develop an addiction or substance use disorder. As a result, the cultural norms and beliefs of some people can result in a stigma that compromises the effectiveness of treatment (Kalin, 2020). The way a person interacts with their environment is also influenced by interpersonal characteristics like compatibility and communication. Harmony between the patient and the surroundings must be established to encourage effective care.

References

Butcher J. N. & Kendall P. C. (2018). APA handbook of psychopathology. vol. 2 child and adolescent psychopathology. American Psychological Association. Retrieved August 26, 2022, from https://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=pzh&jid=201803401&scope=site.

Kalin, N. H. (2020). Early-Life Environmental Factors Impacting the Development of Psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19111181

Moleiro, C. (2018). Culture and Psychopathology: New Perspectives on Research, Practice, and Clinical Training in a Globalized World. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9(366). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00366

Smith, G. T., Atkinson, E. A., Davis, H. A., Riley, E. N., & Oltmanns, J. R. (2020). The general factor of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 16, 75-98. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-071119-115848

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In many realms of medicine, objective diagnoses can be made: A clavicula is broken. An infection is present. TSH levels meet the diagnostic criteria for hypothyroidism. Psychiatry, on the other hand, deals with psychological phenomena and behaviors. Can these, too, be “defined objectively and by scientific criteria (Gergen, 1985), or are they social constructions?” (Boland, Verduin, & Ruiz, 2022).

Thanks to myriad advances during recent decades, we know that psychopathology is caused by many interacting factors.

Theoretical and clinical contributions to the field have come from the neural sciences, genetics, psychology, and social-cultural sciences. How do these factors impact the expression, classification, diagnosis, and prevalence of psychopathology, and why might it be important for a nurse practitioner to take a multidimensional, integrative approach?

Explain the biological (genetic and neuroscientific); psychological (behavioral and cognitive processes, emotional, developmental); and social, cultural, and interpersonal factors that influence the development of psychopathology. Expalin the implications of why, as an advanced practice nurse, it is important to adopt a multidimensional, integrative model of psychopathology.